IV. Graduate Study and Research

Graduate Study

Lehigh began awarding graduate degrees in 1882. The first recipient, T.H. Hardcastle, of the Class of 1880, wrote his thesis on Alexander Pope, entitled it The Rights of Man, and read it aloud at commencement in June 1882.

The first Ph.D. was granted in 1893 to Joseph W. Richards, Class of 1886. Richards, who had a background in metallurgy and electrochemistry, taught at Lehigh until his death in 1921.

Women were admitted to the graduate program in 1918 when the faculty and the board of trustees agreed to grant the degrees of M.A. and M.S. to women, provided they attended classes in the late afternoon and on Saturdays "so that the general character of campus life shall not be affected." Three women received graduate degrees in 1921, the first women to complete graduate work at Lehigh. In 1929, the rule was changed, and women were admitted on much the same basis as men.

In 1936, the Graduate School was established to administer the graduate program. The Ph.D., which was temporarily discontinued in 1894, was reinstated in nine departments: chemistry, chemical engineering, civil engineering, geology, history, mathematics, mechanical engineering, metallurgical engineering, and physics. Tomlinson Fort, professor of mathematics, was selected in 1938 as the first dean of the Graduate School.

In 1995, graduate programs were decentralized and are now administered by the four colleges of the university, as described below.

College of Arts and Sciences

Anne S. Meltzer, dean

Barbara Traister, Associate Dean for Graduate Programs and Research

The College of Arts and Sciences offers graduate degrees in the humanities, social sciences, mathematics, and natural sciences. The master of arts, master of science, and the doctor of philosophy degrees are given in most of the traditional academic departments and in some interdisciplinary programs. Advanced degrees may be obtained in the departments of biological sciences, chemistry, earth and environmental sciences, English, history, mathematics, physics, political science, psychology, and sociology. In addition, interdisciplinary degrees are available in American studies, environmental policy design, photonics, and polymer science and engineering.

Although degree requirements vary from department to department, most require a combination of formal coursework and independent research. Students work closely with a faculty adviser in formulating and carrying out their research programs. Students admitted to a traditional department who are interested in an interdisciplinary approach may formulate a program of study and research which draws on faculty and facilities in other areas of the college or the university.

Information on the various degree programs appears under the departmental listings in Section V and the Interdisciplinary Graduate Study and Research part of this Section. For the most up to date information, interested students should check the CAS graduate website (www.lehigh.edu/gradarts-sciences) or write to Office of Research and Graduate Programs, College of Arts and Sciences, 9 West Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA. 18015

College of Business and Economics

Paul R. Brown, dean

Michael Kolchin, associate dean and director, MBA program

Mary Theresa Taglang, director of graduate programs

The College of Business and Economics offers the master of science degree in accounting and information analysis; master of science degree in economics; master of science degree in health and bio-pharmaceutical economics; master of business administration with concentrations in finance, marketing, information systems management, entrepreneurship through the vSeries program; international business and supply chain management; and the doctor of philosophy degree in business and economics. Three joint degrees are also offered. The College of Business and Economics and the P.C. Rossin College of Engineering and Applied Science offer the MBA Engineering. Students in this program will have the opportunity to concentrate in both a business area and an engineering area during their Master's studies. The College of Education and the College of Business and Economics offer a joint masters degree in MBA/Educational Leadership. This degree will develop skills in business disciplines as well as preparing educators for roles in school administration. The College of Business and Economics and the P.C. Rossin College of Engineering offer a master's degree in analytical finance. This degree provides a strong education in advanced finance and quantitative financial analysis tools. Students will be prepared to create innovative solutions for real financial problems using state of the art analytical techniques and computing technology.

There are five departments in the college: Accounting, Economics, Perella Department of Finance, Management, and Marketing. Course descriptions can be found listed under business and economics graduate courses in Section V. More information about the various degree programs appears below. The college publishes a packet describing its graduate programs, which may be obtained by contacting the College of Business and Economics, Graduate Programs Office, Rauch Business Center, 621 Taylor Street, Bethlehem, Pa. 18015, 610-758-5280.

College of Education

Gary M. Sasso, Ph.D., Dean

Ward M. Cates, Ph.D., Associate Dean

The College of Education is a nationally recognized graduate college. Our distinction resides in our ability to function as a community of scholars and teachers. The diversity of our partnerships, the quality of our research and teaching, and the invigorating and supportive learning environment distinguishes us as leaders among graduate colleges of education.

The College of Education offers a master of arts in education, a master of education, a master of science in education, the educational specialist, a joint master in business administration/master of education, post-baccalaureate certificates in various concentrations, the doctor of education, and the doctor of philosophy. A total of 685 students were involved in advanced study during the 2007-2008 academic year. More information about these programs can be found in Section IV under Graduate Degrees in Education.

There are six academic programs within the college including: Comparative and International Education, Counseling Psychology, Educational Leadership, School Psychology, Special Education, and Teaching, Learning and Technology. The focus of these programs is to prepare students for leadership roles in groundbreaking, cross-disciplinary inquiry that shapes educational practices nationally and internationally. While the College of Education does prepare individuals for leadership roles in school systems, we also prepare individuals for a variety of positions in business and industry, healthcare, private practice, and community based organizations. We embrace the philosophy that a top quality education should provide the instruction, resources, and experience necessary to create a new type of educator; one who understands the nature of learning, social equity and cultural diversity, values collaboration and teamwork, and embraces societal challenges.

In addition to the six core programs, there are four other units within the College of Education:

Centennial School

The College of Education operates the Centennial School, a laboratory facility for children with emotional/behavior disorders, that has both an elementary and a secondary component. Centennial School provides research opportunities as well as practical experience for advanced students in counseling psychology, educational leadership, school psychology, and special education programs. www.lehigh.edu/centennial

The Center for Developing Urban Educational Leaders (CDUEL)

The mission of the CDUEL is to cultivate transformational educational leadership in urban communities by conducting research, developing leadership competencies, and improving leadership practice that enhances student learning and development. The center is committed to leaders who support education at all levels of a community including teachers, principals, parents and human service workers. Special emphasis is placed on work involving small to mid-sized urban communities. www.lehigh.edu/education/cduel

The Center for Promoting Research to Practice

The center's mission is to generate new knowledge that will truly impact the lives of individuals with disabilities. The primary objective of the center is to create a living laboratory that establishes partnerships with schools, parents and families, and community service providers to enhance the use of best practices for individuals with disabilities. www.lehigh.edu/education/cprp

The Office of International Programs

The Office of International Programs is committed to promoting global awareness and transcultural understanding to educators worldwide. The programs provide professional development and degree opportunities for teachers and school administrators using innovative technologies, evocative teaching strategies and current research. It challenges learners to appreciate the complexities of schooling in the midst of globalization. www.lehigh.edu/lbl

Information on the various degree programs appears under the departmental listings in Section V, can be obtained by contacting the College of Education, 111 Research Dr., Bethlehem, PA 18015, 610-758-3241, or our website: www.lehigh.edu/~ineduc/.

P.C. Rossin College of Engineering and Applied Science

David Wu, Iacocca Professor and dean

John P. Coulter, associate dean of graduate studies and research

There are seven academic departments within the P.C. Rossin College of Engineering and Applied Science: chemical engineering, civil and environmental engineering, computer science and engineering, electrical and computer engineering, industrial and systems engineering, materials science and engineering, and mechanical engineering and mechanics. Master of science and doctor of philosophy degrees are available in each of these departments, as well as in computational and engineering mechanics, environmental engineering, computer engineering, structural engineering, and polymer science and engineering. In addition, master of science programs are provided in analytical finance, photonics, quality engineering, information and systems engineering, management science, and wireless and networking engineering. Master of engineering degrees are offered in chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, environmental engineering, industrial engineering, materials science, mechanical engineering, and structural engineering. In co-operation with the College of Business and Economics, students can also pursue a Master of Business Administration and Engineering (MBA&E) degree. Certificate programs are available in the area of nanomaterials and manufacturing systems engineering.

Graduate study in the P.C. Rossin College of Engineering and Applied Science is most often related to the college's extensive research activity, and graduate students are expected to engage in analytical or experimental research as part of their programs of study. This activity involves students in the process of creating new knowledge under the direction of the college's distinguished faculty and brings them into contact with some of the most modern and advanced experimental techniques. Many college research programs are supported by contracts, fellowships, and grants from industry and from federal, state, and local governments. This funding not only provides financial support for outstanding students but also allows them to deal with some of the more complex and pressing problems facing our society in the 21st century.

Many faculty members and graduate students in the P.C. Rossin College of Engineering and Applied Science are associated with interdisciplinary research centers and institutes as well as with their own departments. The opportunity for interdisciplinary study allows them to cross departmental lines in specific technological areas and to work with faculty and graduate students from other departments. Centers and institutes currently perform research in the areas of biotechnology, health sciences, thermofluids, materials, energy, environmental sciences, surfaces and coatings, solid-state studies, optical technologies, structural and geotechnical studies, high-rise habitats, emulsion polymers, metal forming, robotics, computer-integrated manufacturing, value chain science, nanotechnology, and design and management innovation. Extensive research in many of these areas is also conducted within academic departments.

Further information on the graduate programs appears under the departmental listings in Chapter V and in the Interdisciplinary Graduate Study and Research section of Chapter IV. Students can also contact the Office of Graduate Studies and Research, P.C. Rossin College of Engineering and Applied Science, 19 Memorial Drive West, Bethlehem, PA 18015.

Admission to Graduate Study

A graduate of an accredited college or university may be considered for admission to graduate study. The decision to admit a student rests with the applicant's major department and stands for one year following the first semester for which admission was offered. If more than one year elapses, the prospective student's department reserves the right to reconsider the original offer. Students wishing to pursue an interdisciplinary degree may, in some cases, apply to the program directly.

Applications for admission may be obtained on-line at the university's graduate website or by writing to the department to which admission is sought, or writing to the office of the dean of the prospective college.

An applicant may enter the graduate program as a student in the following categories: regular, associate, or non-degree. Except for qualified Lehigh undergraduates, only those who have been admitted officially by the graduate program office of an appropriate college or by a department in one of the categories above may register for graduate courses or take them for credit.

Regular Graduate Students Only regular graduate students are candidates for graduate degrees. Application for admission as a regular graduate student must be filed by July 15 for the following fall semester or by Dec. 1 for the spring semester. Regular graduate students wishing to begin in the summer must apply before April 30. Certain departments or programs have earlier deadlines. Applicants should consult their respective departments or their dean's office. In order to be considered for admission as a regular graduate student, the applicant must satisfy at least one of the following conditions: have an undergraduate G.P.A. of at least 2.75 out of 4.00 (note: College of Education GPA minimum is 3.0); have an average of at least 3.00 for the last two semesters of undergraduate study; have a graduate grade-point average of at least 3.00 for a minimum of twelve credit hours of graduate work completed at other institutions; or have successfully satisfied the probationary conditions as an associate graduate student discussed below). Satisfying one of these conditions is a necessary but may not be sufficient condition for admission as a regular graduate student. Foreign graduate students are required to take the Test of English as a Foreign Language and achieve a minimum score of 550 on the paper-pencil test or 213 on the computer-scored test. Note: For any student who has taken the new Internet-based TOEFL or iBT (released in September 2005) which contains a speaking section, please contact either your department or the ESL Department (inesl@lehigh.edu) for the minimum required scores for admission to your program. The TOEFL test may be waived if a student has obtained a degree from an English-only university in an English-speaking country.

Individual departments may evaluate their candidates for admission according to higher standards and additional criteria. Students seeking admission to Professional Certification Programs may have to meet additional requirements to comply with Pennsylvania Department of Education Regulations. Departments should be consulted for information regarding required examinations for admission. For example, candidates for the M.B.A. program are required to take the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT). This does not include MBA & Engineering students in the College of Engineering and Applied Science who may substitute the Graduate Record Exam if required by the Engineering Department. In some cases the GRE subjects tests are required.

Admission of a student to graduate standing is executed through the Office of Graduate Studies in each college or the respective dean's office. Credentials for admission to counseling psychology and school psychology programs and to the doctoral programs in special education are acted upon only once a year.

Completed applications accompanied by requests for financial aid must be submitted by January 15 for admission in the following fall semester. Applications received after this deadline will be dealt with on a space-available basis.

Associate Graduate Students Associate graduate student status may be offered to applicants who apply but fail to qualify for regular graduate student status. Only associate student applications will be considered during the late admissions period between the end of the regular admission period and the first day of classes. Applicants for associate status may submit unofficial rather than official transcripts; letters of recommendation are not required at that time. The Registrar will require an official final transcript, however, before grades are released. Certain departments or programs have earlier deadlines and more stringent requirements. Applicants should consult their respective departments.

Associate graduate students who are admitted during the late admission period and who clearly qualify for admission as regular graduate students may petition for regular status after classes begin if all credentials are in order. There is no late application fee. Individual departments may have more stringent requirements.

Other associate graduate students must meet the following condition before they may petition for regular status: completion of the first nine credit hours of courses numbered 300 or higher with at most one grade of below B-. Students receiving a grade lower than a C- will be dropped from the program. Students should note that individual departments may impose more rigorous probationary standards.

When the probationary period of nine credit hours is completed successfully, associate graduate students must petition for regular student status in order to continue. This requires the submission of regular admission documents not already on file. Courses completed during a successful probationary period may count toward a graduate degree if they are part of an approved program.

Non-Degree-Seeking Students Students who do not wish to enter a degree program may seek admission with non-degree status. In this case, the prospective student completes an abbreviated application form (available from the appropriate college). The admissions criteria for non-degree graduate students are: 1) a bachelor's degree from an approved institution with an overall grade point average of at least 3.0; (applicants with undergraduate GPAs below 3.0 may be admitted with the approval of the department in which they wish to take courses;) or 2) evidence that the applicant is presently a student in good standing in an appropriate graduate program at an approved institution; or 3) evidence that the applicant has received an appropriate graduate or other advanced degree from an approved institution. 4) International students are required to demonstrate English language skills equal to those required of degree-seeking students. All international applicants whose native language is not English must take the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language). A minimum score of 550 (or 213 on the computer scored test) is required for admission. Note: For any student who has taken the new Internet-based TOEFL or iBT (released in September 2005) which contains a speaking section, please contact either your department or the ESL Department (inesl@lehigh.edu) for the minimum required scores for admission to your program. This TOEFL requirement may be waived if the international applicant has obtained a degree from an English-only university in an English-speaking country.

Admission decisions for non-degree students are made by the dean of the appropriate college or other responsible official designated by him/her for this purpose. The signature of the designated official on the application and registration forms confers admission to the non-degree graduate student status. Informal transcripts will be accepted for initial admission, but formal transcripts must be on record before the student can receive any transcript or grade report from the university or enroll for additional courses.

Non-degree Options: In addition to degree programs, there are two non-degree options as well: (1) Regular non-degree and (2) Non-degree for external certification. Regular non-degree admission is for students that wish to take up to 12 credits of graduate coursework without seeking a degree. Non-degree for external certification students are admitted to pursue coursework for the purpose of obtaining certification through an external accrediting agency. They complete the coursework for the appropriate certification, with the number of credits being dictated by the external accrediting agency. Given this external control of credit requirements, the number of credits will vary and will typically exceed the 12-credit limit for regular non-degree students. A student admitted as non-degree for external certification may subsequently be admitted to a degree program, but needs to do so through a petition that includes all components required for admissions consideration by that degree program.

Graduate Course Auditing: With the permission of the departmental chair, graduate students can be admitted to a course as auditors. This course will not count for credit towards any graduate degree, and may not subsequently be taken for credit. In no case shall a student who has attended a course as an auditor be given an anticipatory examination for credit or register for the same course in the future A student completing a course in this manner will have the course and the notation "AU" indicated on the permanent record. A student rostered on an audit basis may be withdrawn from the course with a grade of "W" for poor attendance.

Lehigh University Undergraduates. A Lehigh undergraduate with a 3.0 cumulative grade point average who has achieved Junior standing may take any 400-level course for which he or she is qualified. The qualifications are defined by the department and are certified by the course instructor and department chairperson through petition to the graduate and research committee. For additional information on constraints on undergraduates taking graduate level courses please see Section III Curricular Flexibility.

Undergraduates at Lehigh who are within a few hours of meeting the requirements for a baccalaureate degree may, with the special approval of the graduate and research committee, enroll for 12 credit hours of study for graduate credit (6 in the P.C. Rossin College of Engineering and Applied Science). Lehigh undergraduates may apply course credits taken in the undergraduate program toward a graduate degree under the following conditions: (a) the course credits are not submitted as part of the requirement for an undergraduate degree; and (b) courses for possible graduate credit are approved in advance by the course instructor, department chairperson, and the dean of the college. The student must receive a grade of B- or better.

Readmission. A student who has not been registered in a Lehigh graduate program for one year must petition for readmission. Petitions approved by the student's major department must be forwarded to the registrar's office.

International Students and Scholars. International applicants must hold an American bachelor's degree or an equivalent foreign degree requiring at least 16 years of primary, secondary, and university education. International applicants applying for regular graduate student status must submit all documents required for that status, (see above).

Registration

Requirements. All graduate students using Lehigh University resources must be registered. No graduate student may register for more than 16 credits per semester. University employees may register for, at most, two courses per semester with appropriate approval. The maximum registration in a summer session is two concurrent courses and no more than 14 summer credits.

Full-time Status. In order to maintain full-time enrollment status, a graduate student must ordinarily register for a minimum of nine credits each semester. Identification as a full-time student is important for three purposes: (1) eligibility for financial aid, (2) compliance with visa requirements for international students, and (3) for university and national graduate enrollment data.

After fulfillment of degree credit-hour requirements and in some other circumstances, full-time status may be maintained with fewer than nine credits of registration, provided that the student is, in fact, continuing a program of full-time study and research. In such cases, the status must be certified on the Graduate Full Time Certification request form, first by the department and then by the appropriate college.

Registration Procedure. Registration is scheduled for a two-week period at a time designated on the university calendar. Graduate registration for new students is held during the week preceding the start of classes. Students should check with their departments for registration and semester class schedules. Graduate students may register using the on-line system after consultation with their adviser, or complete registration forms available in their departments. A course adviser will discuss course selections with students and provide the registration PIN or sign registration forms upon approval.

Late Registration Penalties. Registration after the designated period during the prior term for continuing full time graduate students or between the second and tenth day of class during the fall and spring semesters, and the second and fifth day of class during the summer sessions will require a late registration fee. Students who have not completed the registration process by the tenth day of the regular academic semester or by the fifth day of the summer session will not be permitted to attend class.

Graduate Credit and Grades

Course grades are defined as for undergraduates except that, at a minimum, no grade lower than C- may be counted toward a graduate degree and pass-fail registration is not allowed for graduate students. No regularly admitted student who receives more than four grades below a B- in courses numbered 200 or higher is allowed to continue registration as a graduate student. Individual degree programs may have higher standards.

The N grade is defined in Section III except that parenthetical grades are not required for thesis or research courses and graduate students have a calendar year to remove course incomplete grades unless an earlier deadline is specified by the instructor. Graduate student incomplete course grades that are not removed remain as N or N (grade) on the student record for one year. After one year, the N grade will be converted to an F and the N (grade) will be converted to the parenthetical letter grade. Incomplete grades may be extended an additional year with approval of the course instructor and the graduate coordinator. After two years, outstanding incomplete grades would be converted to the parenthetical mark. After two years, students could appeal to the Committee on Standing of Graduate Students (SOGS) with a timeline and plan for completion. Thesis or research project N grades may remain beyond one year until the work is completed.

The X grade is defined as for undergraduates except that to be eligible for a make-up examination a graduate student must file a petition and the petition must be approved by the graduate and research committee.

The Z grade is defined as for undergraduates except that graduate students have a calendar year to complete coursework following a Z grade unless an earlier completion deadline is specified by the instructor. The X portion of the grade is removed as described for undergraduates. Z grades which are not removed remain on the record of graduate students. All petitions for exceptions are sent to the graduate and research committee.

A student's grade that was originally assigned an N, X, or Z grade when converted or computed will be noted with an '*' asterisk prefix.

Withdrawal from a Course. A student dropping a course within the first ten days of the semester (five days for summer sessions) will have no record of the course on the transcript. A student dropping all courses for which he or she is registered is considered to be withdrawing from the university and the policy is noted below. A student who drops a course after the tenth day of instruction and before the end of the eleventh week of instruction will have a grade of "W" assigned to the course. A student who drops a course after the eleventh week of instruction and before the end of classes receives a "WP" or "WF" at the discretion of the instructor. A "WF" is considered to be a failing grade. An Add/Drop form signed by the student's adviser must be submitted to the registrar's office before the deadlines noted to be official.

University Withdrawal. A student withdrawing from the university (dropping all courses during a given term) must submit the Drop/Add form signed by the adviser to the registrar's office. Withdrawal after registration day and during the first eleven weeks of instruction will be noted on the academic transcript by assigning a grade of "W" to all courses. A withdrawal after the eleventh week of instruction and before the end of classes will have the grade of "WP" or "WF" assigned for each course at the discretion of the instructor. The date of the withdrawal will be noted on the academic transcript for a withdrawal at any time during the term.

Graduate Student Scholastic Requirements. The following guidelines state the minimum requirements for all graduate students. Individual degree programs may have higher standards.

Associate and Non-Degree Students: will be placed on probation when they receive their first grade below a "B-" and will be dropped for poor scholarship at the end of a term when the student is assigned either two "C", "C-" OR "C+" grades or one grade below "C-".

If an associate student is assigned two grades below a "B-" in the same term the student is eligible to be dropped without any term on probation.

Once on probation, students remain on probation until they are granted regular status or receive degree. Students who are eligible to be granted regular status but fail to apply by the regular student deadline will be evaluated according to the regular student criteria.

Regular Students: will be placed on probation at the end of the term in which they are assigned their fourth grade below a "B-" in courses numbered 200 or above; will be dropped for poor scholarship at the end of any term in which they are assigned their fifth grade below a "B-".

Once regular students are placed on probation they will remain on probation until they receive their degrees.

Readmission: graduate students who have been dropped for poor scholarship are ineligible to enroll for the next regular term. After one term away they may petition for readmission. The department and the dean's office must approve the petition. The student will be readmitted on probation and may be dropped again with any additional grades below a "B-".

Graduation

Degree Registration. A student must be registered in the semester in which the degree is conferred. If a student is not registered for a course, he/she must register for maintenance of candidacy. Candidates for September degree do not need to be enrolled the summer preceding the degree if they were enrolled both fall and spring of the current academic year.

Application for Degree. Candidates for degrees to be conferred on University Day in May must file an application for degree with the registrar by March 1. Candidates for degrees to be conferred in January must file by November 1. Candidates for degrees to be conferred in September must file by July 1. Late application for a degree will incur a penalty fee of $40.

Clearance. Graduate students must receive clearance from the university prior to the awarding of the degree. The following obligations must be satisfied:

• Students must complete all coursework for incompletes they may have received.
• Theses must be cleared by the Registrar's Office.
• Dissertations must be cleared by the appropriate dean's office
• All financial obligations must be cleared with the bursar. Tuition fees, bookstore charges, library fines, and motor or vehicle fines must be paid before graduation.
• All library books on loan must be returned.
• Students must turn in their student identification cards at the I.D. card office.

The interdepartmental clearance sheet must be completed. This form requires the signature of the student's department chairperson (except for the College of Education), and the facilities services office before it is submitted to the registrar at least three days prior to graduation.

Tuition and Fees

Tuition Payment. Graduate students who register at least six weeks prior to the start of classes will receive a tuition bill at their home address. Included with the tuition bill will be information about the various payment options that are available. Students that register less than six weeks prior to the start of classes will most likely not receive a tuition bill prior to the start of classes. To remain in good standing, tuition charges must be paid prior to the start of classes even if the student has not received a tuition bill because of his/her late registration for classes. Students can review their current account balance on-line at www.lehigh.edu/~inrgs/main.shtml. Additional information on payment options is available on the Bursar's Office web site at www.lehigh.edu/~inburs/ or by calling the Bursar's Office.

Tuition Refunds. A student in good standing who formally withdraws from a course before 60% of the semester has been completed is eligible for a tuition refund. Academic fees are non-refundable after the first day of classes. The refund schedule for student withdrawals and course adjustments is as follows.

Tuition Refunds

The tuition refund for a student who withdraws or drops a course(s) is calculated on a daily basis according to the Federal Refund Calculation Guidelines. No refunds for tuition can be made for one-week workshops after the first day of class.

Students should note that the first calendar week begins with the first day of classes at the university.

Tuition and Fees for 2008-2009 per credit hour

Technology Fee

All full-time (9 credit hours or more, or certified full-time) graduate students are assessed the Technology Fee at $150 per semester

Audit charge per course - same as credit charge in the appropriate college

Maintenance of candidacy - same as a one-credit charge in the appropriate college

Master’s candidate registration fee - same as a one-credit charge in the appropriate college

Living Accommodations. The university maintains a graduate student housing complex in the Saucon Valley that has 135 living units. This complex, Saucon Village Apartments, provides units generally on a yearly lease basis. For the 2008-2009 period beginning in September, the following are the monthly rents exclusive of utilities:

Other Fees

Supervision fee, College of Education (per 3 credits) Intern courses require a special supervision fee which varies from $100 to $250. Inquire at your department.

Financial Aid

Financial aid is ordinarily available only for regular, full-time graduate students. Teaching assistantships, research assistantships, graduate assistantships, fellowships, and scholarships are academic awards made by individual academic departments. Several graduate assistantships unrelated to a particular area of study can be obtained by applying to administrative offices. International students are also encouraged to apply for funding to outside sponsoring agencies and/or home governments. Finally, please note that all student loan programs, and the Federal Work-Study program, are administered by the Office of Financial Aid located at 218 W. Packer Avenue. (Please read the section below regarding loans and work-study.)

Academic Awards. Requests for fellowships, scholarships, research assistantships, teaching assistantships, and graduate assistantships to begin in the fall semester must be filed with academic departments no later than January 15. Generally, a special committee formed by department faculty selects the recipients of these awards based upon merit; students are not required to submit a financial statement.

In addition to their stipends, graduate students holding half-time teaching appointments generally receive tuition remission. Fellowship holders also receive a stipend and tuition award. Scholarship recipients are awarded tuition. Research assistants receive a stipend for research services, but their tuition is commonly paid directly by research projects.

Teaching Assistants and Graduate Assistants. Teaching assistant and graduate assistant (TA/GA) are technical terms used to describe specific types of Lehigh University graduate students. The duties of TAs and GAs are generally set by the departments or offices that appoint them, but certain conditions must be satisfied before a student can be classified as a teaching assistant or a graduate assistant. These include:

• Each TA/GA must be a regular full-time resident Lehigh graduate student, which normally requires registration for at least nine credit hours per semester.
• A TA/GA is a half-time position and each TA/GA provides services to Lehigh University of up to twenty hours per week. Quarter-time and eighth-time TA/GA appointments are possible for full-time resident graduate students, with stipends and tuition remission appropriately reduced.
• Each TA/GA must be paid a specific stipend, which is set for the academic year by the dean of the appropriate college after consultation with the Director of Budget.
• Qualified TAs/GAs receive tuition remission for at most ten credit hours in a regular semester. No TA/GA may register for more than ten credit hours. A student who is a TA/GA during the preceding academic year is entitled to at most three hours of thesis, research, or dissertation registration (not course credit) in the following summer without payment of tuition.
• Each TA/GA is appointed by a process which begins with a formal letter of appointment issued by the appropriate department chairperson. The appointment letter specifies standard university conditions including stipend level, time of arrival, length of service, and the requirement of satisfactory academic progress and performance of duties. Each department chairperson submits written notification of TA/GA appointments to the appropriate college dean or vice president.

The graduate and research committee endorsed academic guidelines for new teaching assistants which exceed minimum admission requirements. Each TA should satisfy one of the following: have a G.P.A. of 3.0 or better in the undergraduate major field of study; have a G.P.A. of 3.5 in the senior year major field; rank in the 85th percentile or higher on the Graduate Record Exam or other standardized test; or have a G.P.A. of 3.5 in at least twelve hours of graduate work in the major field. Exceptions to these guidelines shall be made only with the approval of the appropriate dean.

In addition, each teaching assistant must make normal progress toward a graduate degree. The definition of normal progress may vary among departments, but the criteria for satisfactory progress are established by the department faculty and the graduate and research committee. Teaching assistants who fail to satisfy these criteria are ineligible for reappointment.

In addition to a minimum passing TOEFL score, Teaching Assistants whose native language is not English must have on record with the ESL Program a SPEAK score of 230+ (TSE 55+) in order to work with Lehigh undergraduates in academic settings (i.e., classrooms, recitations, labs, office hours, etc.).

Those whose SPEAK score is 200-225 (or TSE 50) may also be appointed as TAs, but they are required to attend ESL courses at Lehigh until their SPEAK score is at least 230 or until they no longer have a TA position. A comprehensibility score of 195 (or TSE less than or equal to 45) or below eliminates an international graduate student from being appointed as a TA.

The SPEAK is given at announced times throughout the academic year. Contact the ESL Program (ext. 86099) for details and for information concerning ESL courses. Please note, the TSE is now discontinued - it has been replaced by the iBT TOEFL speaking section.

Tuition remission for qualified TAs/GAs is authorized by the appropriate dean or vice president as part of the registration process. Each college dean or appropriate vice president will be provided tuition remission accounts against which TA/GA remissions will be charged. The accounts will be budgeted at an amount equal to the nine hour TA/GA tuition rate times the approved number of TA/GA positions and will be included in the annual operating budget. The budgets shall not be exceeded. If additional TA/GA positions are desired on a temporary basis, the account executive must provide for the transfer of budget support to the remission account. These budgets are to be used exclusively for tuition remission for authorized TA/GA positions.

There are a limited number of summer TA/GA appointments. These TA/GA's employees must receive the same monthly stipend as academic year TAs/GAs and devote of up to twenty hours per week their GA/TA responsibilities. A summer TA/GA registers for a maximum of three credit hours in each summer session of appointment and receive tuition remission for that registration.

Other Graduate Assistantships. Graduate students may apply directly to administrative offices for graduate assistantships unrelated to their areas of study. The availability of these assistantships is based upon the needs of the individual departments. GAs are appointed regularly by the office of the vice provost for student affairs, the dean of students office, the university counseling service, and by career services.

Loans and Work-study Awards. Graduate students may apply for the federally funded Stafford and Perkins loans and Federal Work-Study through the Office of Financial Aid located at 218 W. Packer Avenue. These funds are awarded on the basis of demonstrated need using the Free Application for Federal Student Aid. In addition, the University requires a university application (Graduate Student Financial Aid Application) and a copy of the student's and spouse's (where applicable) most recent (2008) federal tax return and W-2. Applications for loans cannot be processed, and funds cannot be disbursed, until the FAFSA, and attending forms, are received and reviewed. Because Stafford loans are financed through commercial lenders, their availability is virtually assured if a student qualifies. There is, however, only limited availability of Federal Perkins loans and Work-Study.

Eligibility for student loans is based on: (1) the number of credits to be taken, (2) the amount of assistance received, and (3) the calculated financial need. Any change to the number of credits to be taken, or the amount of aid received may affect loan eligibility. To avoid problems with your loan application, it is important that you notify the Office of Financial Aid of any changes in your enrollment or in the amount of aid received. Unfortunately, students frequently change the number of rostered credit hours, or receive Graduate School aid, after their loan application has already been processed. When either of these things happen, a student's eligibility may change dramatically.

Literature on student loan programs is available through the Financial Aid office or the website www.lehigh.edu/~infao/.

Degree Information

The following degrees are offered by the university: the master's degree, the doctor of philosophy, the doctor of education, and the doctor of arts.

Master's Degree

Candidates for the master's degree have six years in which to complete their programs. Students should confer with their advisers to be certain that specific department and program course requirements are met. The following requirements must be satisfied by master's candidates in all departments.

Program for the Master's Degree. A student's program must include: not less than 30 credit hours of graduate work; not less than 18 credits of 400-level coursework (research or thesis registration counts as part of the 400-level coursework requirement); not less than 18 credits of coursework in the major of which 15 credits must be at the 400 level. Coursework for the master's degree must be taken under at least two instructors and must be approved by Lehigh University. With the approval of the appropriate dean, a maximum of nine credits may be transferred to a Lehigh master's program of 30 credits. For a master's program of more than 30 credits, students should contact the associate dean of their college. A petition is submitted, with course descriptions and transcript, as well as departmental recommendation. Course grades of B or better are required.

A student must complete the form, "Program for Master's Degree," setting forth the courses proposed to satisfy the degree requirements. This form should be approved by the department and then submitted to the registrar as soon as possible after 15 credit hours toward the degree have been completed. Approval of the program by the registrar signifies that the student has formally been admitted to candidacy for the master's degree.

Thesis and Comprehensive Exam. Candidates may be required to submit a thesis or a report based on a research course of at least three credit hours, or to pass a comprehensive examination given by the major department. The department will specify which of these requirements apply and may require both. If required, the thesis or report shall not count for more than six credit hours, and thesis registration is limited to a maximum of six credit hours. University procedures must be followed if the thesis or research project involves human subjects. One unbound copy of the thesis, approved by the thesis adviser and the department chair, must be delivered to the registrar's office at least three weeks before the degree is conferred. A binding and microfilming fee must be paid to the bursar, and the bursar's receipt presented with the completed thesis. Guidelines stipulating the form of the thesis are available in the registrar's office.

A non-thesis option exists for certain programs in the Colleges. Students should check with their departments regarding that option.

Doctor of Philosophy

Time and Registration Requirements. A candidate for the doctor of philosophy degree ordinarily is expected to devote at least three academic years to graduate work. In no case is the degree awarded to someone who has spent less than two full academic years of graduate work. All post-baccalaureate work toward the doctorate must be completed within ten years. A student beginning doctoral coursework after an elapsed period of at least one semester after the master's degree has been conferred is granted seven years in which to complete the doctoral program.

Doctoral students whose graduate study is carried out entirely at Lehigh University must register for a minimum of 72 credits beyond the Bachelor's degree. However, resident students who during their entire doctoral program, including the semester of graduation, have paid full tuition continuously (normally a minimum of 9 credits per academic semester) will have satisfied the tuition requirements for the doctoral degree upon completion of all other requirements. Students who have earned a Master's degree at another university must register for a minimum of 48 credits. These requirements include registration for research or dissertation credits. Students participating in approved dual-degree doctoral programs involving external institutions may transfer up to 25% of their total required doctoral program research credits to Lehigh for work that was performed at the external partner institution. Approval of such programs is required by the dean of the relevant Lehigh college.

Full-time students working toward the doctorate normally register for a minimum of nine credits each semester. If the minimum degree registration requirement of 72 or 48 credits is attained prior to formal admission to doctoral candidacy, continued registration of at least three credits per semester is necessary. Full-time student status must be certified on the graduate registration form.

Students seeking to receive both a master's degree and a doctoral degree must complete a minimum of 72 graduate credits at Lehigh and must meet the requirements of both degrees.

After admission to doctoral candidacy, a student must maintain candidacy by registering at least two times each calendar year (in each academic semester or in one academic semester and one summer session). After completion of the minimum registration requirement plus any additional requirements of the student's department or program, registration is permitted for 'Maintenance of Candidacy.' The tuition charge is for one credit-hour. Full-time status again must be certified on the graduate registration form.

Concentrated Learning Requirement. Each doctoral degree candidate must satisfy Lehigh's concentrated learning requirement. This requirement is intended to ensure that doctoral students spend a period of concentrated study and intellectual association with other scholars. Two semesters of full-time Lehigh graduate study or 18 credit hours of graduate study, either on or off campus, within a fifteen-month period must be completed.

Individual departments may impose additional stipulations. Candidates should check with their advisers to be certain that they have satisfied their concentrated learning requirements.

Language Requirements. Language requirements for the Ph.D. are the option of and in the jurisdiction of the candidate’s department. Since proficiency in a language is not a university requirement, each department decides which languages, if any, constitute part of the doctoral program.

Qualifiers. Many departments require students who wish to enroll in doctoral programs to pass qualifying examinations. Since these examinations vary among departments, students should ask their advisers or department chairpersons for more detailed information. If a qualifying examination is not used, students should find out how and when eligibility to pursue doctoral studies is determined.

Admission to Candidacy. With the help of an academic adviser, the student names the faculty members of the doctoral committee, a special committee formed to guide the student through the doctoral program. The committee is responsible for assisting the student in formulating a course of study, satisfying specific departmental requirements, submitting a suitable dissertation proposal, overseeing progress in research, and evaluating the completed dissertation. At least four faculty are appointed to the committee; one must be a member of an outside department. Committee membership must be approved by the university's graduate and research committee.

A doctoral student should apply for candidacy no later than one year after completion of the master's degree or its equivalent and after passing qualifying examinations if they are required by the major department. The prospective Ph.D. candidate must submit to the doctoral committee a written program proposal that includes a discussion of proposed dissertation research. Upon receiving approval of the proposal, the candidate submits the proposal, signed by the committee members, to the appropriate dean for action by the graduate and research committee. The dean will advise the student of the committee's decision.

If the dissertation research involves human subjects, university procedures must be approved by Lehigh University's Institutional Review Board (IRB) prior to the involvement of the subjects.

General Examinations. Examinations composed and administered by the members of the student's doctoral committee are designed to test the candidate's proficiency in a particular field of study. These examinations, which may be both written and oral, should be passed at least seven months before the degree is to be conferred. If a student fails the general examination, a second examination will be scheduled not earlier than five months after the first. If the results of the second examination are unsatisfactory, no additional examination is scheduled.

Dissertation and Defense. The Ph.D. candidate is required to write a dissertation prepared under the direction of a Lehigh University professor. The dissertation must treat a topic related to the candidate's specialty in the major subject, show the results of original research, provide evidence of high scholarship, and make a significant contribution to knowledge in the field.

Upon approval of the advising professor and, if required by the department secondary readers, the final draft of the dissertation is submitted to the appropriate dean for inspection by the date posted in the academic calendar. Upon its return, the student should distribute copies of the draft to the members of the doctoral committee for review and for suggestions for revision. The candidate then schedules a dissertation defense before the doctoral committee, additional faculty members the department may add to the examining committee, and the general public. After the dissertation has been defended and revised accordingly, the student must submit the finished dissertation to the appropriate dean for review by the university's graduate and research committee no later than the date specified in the academic calendar for completion of all degree requirements. One unbound copy must be delivered to the dean's office. It must bear the original signatures of the special committee members. In addition, the candidate must pay a microfilming fee and present a bursar's receipt for the payment. Guidelines stipulating the standard form of the dissertation are available in the dean's office.

College of Business and Economics

Paul R. Brown, dean

Michael Kolchin, associate dean and director, MBA program

Mary Theresa Taglang, director of graduate programs

The College of Business and Economics offers the master of science degree in accounting and information analysis; master of science degree in economics; master of science degree in health and bio-pharmaceutical economics; master of business administration with concentrations in finance, marketing, information systems management, entrepreneurship through the vSeries program; international business and supply chain management; and the doctor of philosophy degree in business and economics. Three joint degrees are also offered. The College of Business and Economics and the P.C. Rossin College of Engineering and Applied Science offer the MBA Engineering. Students in this program will have the opportunity to concentrate in both a business area and an engineering area during their Master's studies. The College of Education and the College of Business and Economics offer a joint masters degree in MBA/Educational Leadership. This degree will develop skills in business disciplines as well as preparing educators for roles in school administration. The College of Business and Economics and the P.C. Rossin College of Engineering offer a master's degree in analytical finance. This degree provides a strong education in advanced finance and quantitative financial analysis tools. Students will be prepared to create innovative solutions for real financial problems using state of the art analytical techniques and computing technology.

There are five departments in the college: Accounting, Economics, Perella Department of Finance, Management, and Marketing. Course descriptions can be found listed under business and economics graduate courses in Section V. More information about the various degree programs appears below. The college publishes a packet describing its graduate programs, which may be obtained by contacting the College of Business and Economics, Graduate Programs Office, Rauch Business Center, 621 Taylor Street, Bethlehem, Pa. 18015, 610-758-5280.

Graduate Degrees in Business Administration and Economics

Candidates for admission to graduate study in the College of Business and Economics must provide the results obtained in either the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT) for a degree in business administration, and the M.S. in Accounting and Information Analysis or the Graduate Record Examination general test (GRE) and the subject test in economics for degrees in economics. International students applying to any graduate programs in the College of Business and Economics are required to take the TOEFL for admission to the program.

Master of Business Administration

The Lehigh MBA provides a rich, integrated learning experience for students. Business issues are viewed and taught from the perspective of the firm as a whole rather than along departmental lines. Lehigh's MBA curriculum is a fully integrated model which simulates a real world business environment in the classroom. The six core courses are interdisciplinary and taught by an eight-member faculty team.

The MBA program is available in a variety of modes, including on campus, online and by satellite with partner companies. Students may elect to follow one mode exclusively or mix and match modes. Students electing to pursue the degree online or by satellite may choose a concentration in Supply Chain Management or Project Management.

Due to the compact and integrated core, students have increased flexibility to tailor the program to their individual needs. Students may select a concentration in finance, marketing, information systems management, international business, project management, management of technology, corporate entrepreneurship, or supply chain management or pursue a broader experience by selecting courses from a variety of disciplines. Students may only have one concentration.

Certificates

Students may also earn a certificate in entrepreneurship, project management, or supply chain management by completing 12 credit hours of coursework as defined in the certificate program.

MBA Mission Statement. To develop the knowledge, skills and abilities of managers through a comprehensive and integrated core curriculum with customized concentrated learning designed to meet the individual needs of students.

Innovative Structure. The MBA Program requires 36 credit hours. Full-time students can fulfill that requirement in 12 to 15 months. Most part-time students require three years.

Prerequisites. Students should have completed undergraduate courses in computer literacy, principles of microeconomics and macroeconomics. Financial accounting and statistics may be completed after acceptance into the MBA program

The statistics prerequisite may be fulfilled by having taken a class within the past 5 years and receiving a "B" or better, or by taking a proficiency exam. The Accounting prerequisite may be waived by taking GBUS 401, Financial Accounting for Managers and Investors at Lehigh or by taking a proficiency exam.

If a student has no previous background in financial accounting or statistics, he/she is encouraged to take a course in the subject area. If a student has previously taken coursework but has not achieved a grade of "B" or the course has exceeded the time limit, self-directed learning and a proficiency exam may be appropriate.

The prerequisites of financial accounting and statistics must be completed before enrolling in MBA 402 or MBA 403.

Core Courses

Electives. Students will take 15 credits of electives. Students may design a concentration to best suit their career goals. Nine credit hours of approved electives are required for a concentration in international business and supply chain management. Concentrations in finance, marketing, management of technology, and entrepreneurship require twelve credit hours of approved electives.

To increase flexibility, students may also take up to six credit hours of electives outside of the College of Business and Economics (but within Lehigh University). All elective courses must be at the 400 level.

Waiver Policy. There are no waivers for courses in the MBA Program.

GMAT Scores. All applicants are required to take the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT) administered by Pearson Vue. The computer-based exam is given during several weeks each month. To make an appointment to take the GMAT exam call 1-800-717-GMAT (4628) or by registering online at www.mba.com.

Work Experience. Students are required to have a minimum of 2 years of full-time, professional work experience.

International Students/TOEFL. International students must have 16 years of formal education, including four years at the university level, to be considered for admission to Lehigh's graduate programs. Applicants whose native language is not English are required to take the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). For information, write or call the TOEFL Registration Office, P.O. Box 6154, Princeton, N.J., 08541-6154 or at www.ets.org/toefl.

Flexible Class Scheduling. Most classes are scheduled Monday through Thursday in the evening. Seminars are offered on Fridays and Saturdays. Part-time students may complete the entire program during evenings. Many students accelerate completion of the program by taking courses during the two six-week summer sessions.

Student Profile. MBA students average seven years of professional work experience and approximately sixty percent of the students have undergraduate degrees in engineering or science and more than thirty percent have undergraduate degrees in business. The combination of work experience and diversity of background brings valuable professional perspectives to classroom discussions.

The average GPA for undergraduate work is 3.2 and over 20% of the students have graduate degrees in disciplines outside of business. The average GMAT score for students who entered the Program in Fall 2007 was 637 and average TOEFL scores exceeded 250 for international students.

An MBA Program brochure and application for admission may be obtained by contacting:

The Graduate Programs Office
College of Business & Economics
610-758-5280
www.lehigh.edu/mba
or email mba.admissions@lehigh.edu

Certificate Programs

Certificate in Corporate Entrepreneurship

Businesses often nurture the entrepreneurial spirit by forming New Ventures groups within their organizations. The members of these groups require a special blend of education to develop the skills of discovery, innovation and leadership that starting a new enterprise requires. This certificate program prepares students to successfully evaluate business opportunities within a corporate environment.

Requirements

The certificate requires 12 credit hours of coursework with six credit hours of required coursework and six credit hours of electives.

Required Courses

Anatomy of Entrepreneurship: Start-Ups and Established Companies (1 cr.)

Market Opportunity: Targeting Strategies and Selling Tactics (1 cr.)

Performing a Business Enterprise Audit: Developing an Industry Perspective (1 cr.)

The New Venture Organization: Management Design and Governance (1 cr.)

Financial Forecasting: Developing Pro Forma Financial Statements (1 cr.)

Financing Start-Ups: Seeking Outside Venture Capital (1 cr.)

Elective Courses:

Business Plan I: Strategic Considerations (2 cr.)

Business Plan II: Operating Strategies and Implementation (2 cr.)

Intellectual Property: Management and Valuation (1 cr.)

Processes and Infrastructure: Creating Production and Delivery (1 cr.)

Establishing Credit Facilities: Asset-Based and Cash Flow Forecasting (1 cr.)

Developing Exit Strategies: Concepts and Approaches (1 cr.)

Integrative Experience/New Venture Internship (1-4 cr.)

Admission Requirements:

Students admitted to the certificate program will enter as non-degree students. Applicants are required to have a 3.0 undergraduate GPA from an accredited College or University and at least 2 years of full-time professional work experience.

Certificate in Supply Chain Management

Increasingly sophisticated information technology applications and the shift toward global economic activity have shaped a competitive environment that rewards creating value for customers while reducing cost and cycle time. Through in depth study of the organizations' value chain -logistics, operations, marketing, sales and service- the certificate in supply chain management demonstrates how these activities are linked both internally and externally.

Required Courses

GBUS 450 Strategic Supply Management (3)

GBUS 453 Transportation and Logistics Management (3)

Elective Courses

GBUS 464 Business to Business Marketing

GBUS 447 Negotiations (3)

GBUS 459 Survey of Project Management (3)

GBUS 455 E-Business Enterprise Applications (3)

MSE 438 Agile Organizations and Manufacturing Systems (3)

MSE 423/ME 401 Product Design Analysis (3)

GBUS 492 Field Project (1-4)

Admission Requirements:

See admissions requirements under Certificate in Entrepreneurship.

Certificate in Project Management

This 12 credit hour certificate will prepare students to take the Project Management Professional certification exam offered by the Project Management Institute (PMI) - the field's leading global professional association. Lehigh University is a Registered Education Provider (REP) by the Project Management Institute. The certificate is cohort based and is completed within 12 months through both on-line and on-campus modules.

Required Courses (12 credits):

Admissions:

Students may enter the Project Management Certificate program either through the College of Business & Economics or through the College of Education. Applicants must have a four year degree from an accredited college or university. Graduate students at Lehigh University may apply for the program without meeting additional requirements.

Master of Science in Accounting and Information Analysis

The Lehigh Master of Science in Accounting and Information Analysis degree program offers an outstanding opportunity to prepare for a career in today's demanding field of accounting. Accounting professionals are engaged in a variety of services, including assurance services, business valuation, information resources, and consulting. The focus of the program is business solutions. Students learn how to use both information and technology to improve business processes and forge business solutions. Accredited by AACSB, the International Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business, the Lehigh Master of Science in Accounting and Information Analysis program also satisfies the 150-hour CPA educational requirement adopted by almost all states. The program serves as an excellent foundation for professional certification, including the CPA and CMA exams and, very importantly, provides the broad business education employers value so highly.

The Master of Science in Accounting and Information Analysis curriculum is designed to be flexible so that students may choose either a general degree or one with a specialization. The concentrations include Consulting and Business Risk Management, Financial Services, and Strategic Cost Management.

Students are encouraged to obtain an internship during the summer prior to beginning the program. The internship will complement the chosen concentration and provide an excellent practical framework to enrich the academic coursework experience.

Non-Accounting Majors. Recognizing this fact, the M.S.in Accounting and Information Analysis program accommodates those students who do not have an accounting background. A Link Program, available in the summer prior to beginning the master's degree, provides the requisite background for those students with an undergraduate business major. The courses in the Link Program include topics typically found in intermediate accounting, cost accounting, and other related accounting courses.

Mission Statement. Lehigh University's Master of Science in Accounting and Information Analysis provides a broad business education and the specialized coursework for a professional career in accounting. Graduates aspire to leadership positions at top-tier organizations in fields that include public accounting, corporate accounting, financial services, consulting, and information systems. Through this program, Lehigh continues a long tradition of providing accounting majors with the necessary educational requisites for licensure as certified public accountants within the United States and its territories. The program seeks only the best and the brightest: motivated, dedicated to their studies, not afraid of challenges, possessing confidence, self-discipline, and the ability to articulate their ideas orally and in writing. The program continually pursues the excellence necessary to meet the standards of only the highest-quality educational institutions.

Innovative Approach. A two semester, full-time 30 hour program, the Lehigh M.S. in Accounting and Information Analysis program provides the knowledge and skills required in a professional accounting career. With emphasis on business solutions, students learn how to use both information and technology to improve business processes.

Prerequisites. For business students without the accounting background, a Link Program is available in the summer prior to beginning the M.S. program. Candidates who do not have an undergraduate business degree will require two years to complete the Program. The first year is devoted to background courses, the second to graduate courses.

Core Program. Six required courses of the core program accommodate students entering the assurance practice of public accounting firms, as well as those desiring to customize their program of study.

Electives. Twelve elective credits (four courses) are required to complete the degree. Elective courses are available in the following disciplines: Accounting, Business Law, Economics, Finance, Industrial Engineering, Management, Marketing, and International Business.

Concentrations. Concentrations allow students to pursue one of three specialties: Consulting and Business Risk Management, Financial Services, and Strategic Cost Management.

Concentration in Consulting and Business Risk Management. The Consulting and Business Risk Management concentration is ideal for those students who are interested in pursuing a career with management consulting organizations, corporations with business risk management and corporate audit departments, and the consulting and assurance practices of national and regional public accounting firms. Students interested in developing their own consulting practice also benefit from this concentration.

Concentration in Financial Services. Financial Services is a broad field that includes investment banking, securities, corporate finance and financial institutions such as banks and insurance companies. This concentration is ideal for students with a background in either finance or accounting, and provides abundant career opportunities.

Concentration in Strategic Cost Management. The Strategic Cost Management concentration is ideal for those students seeking a career with industrial and manufacturing firms in the areas of strategic and advanced cost management. This concentration is also designed for students pursuing a career in consulting.

Waiver Policy. There are no waivers for courses in the M.S. in Accounting and Information Analysis Program.

GMAT Scores. All applicants are required to take the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT) administered by Pearson Vue. Undergraduate students should take the exam in the junior year. To make an appointment to take the GMAT exam call 1-800-717-GMAT (4628) or by registering online at www.mba.com.

Internships. All students are encouraged to take one or more internships prior to beginning the program. Students should meet with the Program Director prior to the summer preceding the Fall semester start of the program to arrange an internship. The internship will be taken during the summer prior to the start of the program and will complement the student's concentration, if any.

International Students/TOEFL. International students must have 16 years of formal education, including four years at the university level, to be considered for admission to Lehigh's graduate programs. Applicants whose native language is not English are required to take the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). For information, contact the TOEFL Registration Office, P. O. Box 6154, Princeton, NJ 08541-6154 or at www.ets.org/toefl.

Flexible Class Scheduling. Classes are scheduled Monday through Thursday during the day and evenings.

For a brochure and application, please contact the Graduate Programs Office or Dr. James Largay, Director-M.S. in Accounting and Information Analysis Program, Lehigh University, College of Business and Economics, 621 Taylor Street, Bethlehem, PA 18015, call (610) 758-5824 or e-mail incbe@lehigh.edu for additional information.

Master of Science in Health and Bio-Pharmaceutical Economics

The M.S. in Health and Bio-Pharmaceutical Economics is designed for students with undergraduate life science degrees. This course of study will develop the quantitative and analytical skills that, in combination with their science training, will prepare them to carry out sophisticated studies of the benefits and costs associated with new drugs, medical therapies and diagnostic procedures and to perform critical analyses in support of strategic marketing decisions and the management of risk and uncertainty in portfolios of R&D projects.

Prerequisites

Applicants should have completed at least two calculus courses, a course in statistics, and courses in both principles and intermediate economics. Applicants lacking one or more of these background courses may still be admitted to the program but courses taken to remedy background deficiencies will not count toward minimum credit hours for the master's degree.

Required Courses (21 credits)

In addition, students must take 9 credit hours of elective courses, selected in consultation with and approved by the MS advisor. A thesis is not required.

Admission

Prospective students must have an undergraduate degree with a major in the life sciences or a related field (such as chemistry, pre-med, chemical or bio-engineering, etc.). Applicants must submit scores from either GRE and GMAT. International students must also take the TOEFL exam. Applications for regular student status are due by July 15. Associate students may be admitted up if a completed application is received prior to two weeks before the start of classes.

Master of Science in Economics

The Master of Science program in Economics is available for students wishing to pursue graduate study in the areas of economics or economics and business. The program offers considerable flexibility with respect to the selection of courses as well as the ability to concentrate in a particular area of study. Students may pursue the degree on either a full-time or part-time basis. Recent graduates of the M.S. program have accepted employment in industry, while other students have pursued the master's degree as a stepping stone to the Ph.D. degree.

A minimum of 30 semester hours of course work is required.

As part of the 30 hours, the following courses must be taken:

Each student in the M.S. program is also encouraged to concentrate in one field of specialization within economics. (A listing of the fields currently offered is available through the M.S. director.) Students may also elect to write an M.S. thesis. The thesis is worth six hours of credit toward the degree and is particularly encouraged for those who may be considering the Ph.D. program.

Further information about the program may be obtained by contacting the Graduate Programs Office of the College of Business and Economics, 610-758-5280 or Dr. Robert J. Thornton, Director of the M.S. in Economics Program.