Accounting

Professors: Paul R. Brown, Ph.D. (Texas-Austin), C.P.A.; Parveen P. Gupta, Ph.D. (Penn State), chair; Gopal V. Krishnan, Ph.D. (University of North Texas), C.P.A.; James A. Largay, III, Ph.D. (Cornell), C.P.A.; John W. Paul, Ph.D. (Lehigh), C.P.A.; Heibatollah Sami, Ph.D. (Louisiana State University), Kenneth P. Sinclair, Ph.D. (Massachusetts).

Associate Professors: Karen M. Collins, Ph.D. (VPI), C.P.A.; James A. Hall, Ph.D. (Oklahoma State).

Assistant Professors: Marietta Peytcheva, Ph.D. (Rutgers University), C.P.A.; William S. Zhang, Ph.D. (University of California-Irvine).

Lecturers: David J. Hinrichs, M.B.A. (Lehigh).

The Department of Accounting provides a variety of courses to support College of Business and Economics (CBE) core requirements and to provide an undergraduate major in accounting and a M.S. degree in accounting.

The mission of the Accounting Department is to provide rigorous accounting education that prepares high quality undergraduate and graduate students with diverse backgrounds for life-long learning and positions of leadership in the business community, and to emphasize faculty research efforts that contribute to the body of knowledge in accounting. Consistent with the missions of Lehigh University and the College of Business and Economics, the Accounting Department continuously seeks to be recognized as one of a select group of programs in the United States where an educational experience of the highest possible quality is obtainable.

Within the accounting major, there is an opportunity to explore the various career opportunities within the broad field of accounting: Public Accounting Assurance and Tax Services, Financial Services and Corporate Accounting, and Information Systems. In addition to the undergraduate program, the Master of Science in Accounting and Information Analysis degree (see Master of Science in Accounting and Information Analysis program under Graduate Studies) offers an outstanding opportunity to prepare graduate students for a career in today's demanding field of accounting. Lehigh's unique program recognizes the impact of technology on business processes and the value chain while paying respect to the time honored usefulness of accounting information. The Accounting Program recognizes the learning objectives set forth by the College of Business and Economics as an integral part of the curriculum, as well as the importance of providing students with a strong foundation in liberal arts, humanities, and science as set out in the CBE core curriculum. In addition to the CBE core curriculum, the accounting curriculum is designed to foster the following learning objectives:

• Preparing and understanding general purpose financial statements for parties outside the firm.
• Using accounting information for decision-making inside the firm.
• Understanding the information systems governing the flow of and control over financial information inside the firm.

To the extent that the above objectives are achieved, Accounting graduates will be well-prepared for positions in public accounting, industry, not-for-profit organizations, and graduate school. Although preparation for professional examinations is not a primary objective, graduates will have the background to take professional examinations in accounting.

The Accounting Major

The undergraduate program in accounting is accredited by AACSB-The International Association for Management Education. This achievement places the program within a small group of schools which have satisfied a rigorous examination of the program, faculty, and students that extend beyond the accreditation standards applied to the entire College of Business and Economics undergraduate and graduate programs.

In addition to the existing sophomore prerequisites, Introduction to Financial Accounting (ACC 151) and Introduction to Managerial Accounting (ACC 152), accounting majors are required to take four junior-level, accounting core requirements (12 credits) and one concentration (9 credits):

The following three concentrations are available:

1. Public Accounting Assurance and Tax Services
   

   This concentration is suited for students interested in entering public accounting. This concentration requires the core and the following 9-credit concentration:

   • Fundamentals of Federal Income Taxation (ACC 307)
   • Fundamentals of Auditing (ACC 320)
   • Advanced Financial Accounting (ACC 317)



2. Financial Services and Corporate Accounting
   

   This concentration may appeal to students seeking accounting positions at financial services firms and industrial corporations. For some time representatives from these companies have sought Lehigh students with a strong accounting background. External constituencies suggest that a dose of finance will strengthen these students and make them even more attractive.

   Because Lehigh's finance faculty determined that two courses, Investments (FIN 323), and Corporate Financial Policy (FIN 328), are both needed to have a core understanding of finance, this second concentration requires these two courses. Also, Analysis of Financial Statements, ACC 318, is positioned at the interface of accounting and finance.

   • Investments (FIN 323)
   • Corporate Financial Policy (FIN 328)
   • Analysis of Financial Statements (ACC 318)



3. Information Systems
   

   Public accounting firms seek graduates for the rapidly growing area of global risk management (GRM). Students entering GRM will be responsible for assessing accounting system and computer risks that impact the financial statements of the organization and for evaluating internal controls in place to minimize such risks. Their findings become an important element in the conduct of the financial audit. This new career path thus requires students who possess strong systems skills and an understanding of financial accounting, management accounting, and auditing. Taxes and advanced financial accounting topics are less important in this setting. Therefore, the following courses comprise this concentration.

   • Fundamentals of Auditing (ACC 320)
   • Systems Analysis and Design (BIS 311)
   • Electronic Commerce (BIS 331) or E-Business Systems (BIS 342) or Internship in Prague (BIS 360)

The description and requirements of the Master of Science in Accounting and Information Analysis Program are found under Graduate Study and Research.

Undergraduate Courses

ACCT 108. Fundamentals of Accounting (3)

A one-semester survey of accounting principles and practices designed for those students which includes an introduction to industrial cost systems designed for those non-CBE students planning to take only one accounting course. Other students should take the Acct 151-152 sequence.

ACCT 151. Introduction to Financial Accounting (3)

The organization, measurement and interpretation of economic information. Introduction to accounting theory, concepts and principles, the accounting cycle, information processing, and financial statements. Exposure to controversial issues concerning income determination and valuation. Prerequisite: sophomore standing and successful completion of Excel competency exam.

ACCT 152. Introduction to Managerial Accounting (3)

An introduction to internal accounting information for all levels of management. Topics include cost flow in a manufacturing operation; planning, evaluating and controlling through budgeting and standard costing; and decision-making using cost-volume-profit analysis, direct costing, and relevant costs. Prerequisite: Acct 151.

For Advanced Undergraduates and Graduate Students

Courses numbered 200 and above in the College of Business and Economics are open to sophomores only on petition.

ACCT 307. Fundamentals of Federal Income Taxation (3)

An introductory study of the principles and concepts of federal income taxation of individuals, corporations, partnerships, and fiduciaries; and federal gift and estate taxes. Determination of tax liabilities and opportunities for planning are emphasized. Problem-solving using the source materials of tax law and tax research are important components of the course. Prerequisite: Acct 151.

ACCT 309. Advanced Federal Income Taxation (3)

An advanced study of the taxation of business organizations, estates, trust, and wealth transfer taxes. Planning and research are the basic components of the course. Problem-solving and written research are emphasized. Prerequisite: Acct 307.

ACCT 311. Accounting Information Systems (3)

An introduction to the concepts underlying information systems as they relate to organizational structure, managerial decision making and accounting. The course acquaints students with the reports and documents generated by information systems, as well as procedures and controls employed in a variety of business applications. Students apply these concepts, techniques and procedures to the planning, analysis and design of manual and computer-based information systems. Prerequisite: Acct 152 and BIS 111.

ACCT 315. Financial Accounting I (3)

Intensive study of the basic concepts and principles of financial accounting, emphasizing the problems of fair presentation of an entity's financial position and operating results. Consideration of the conceptual framework of accounting, review of the accounting process, and measurement and valuation of current assets, current liabilities, plant assets, intangibles, investments, and long-term debt. Problem-solving skills and critical analysis are stressed. Prerequisite: Acct 152.

ACCT 316. Financial Accounting II (3)

The sequel to Accounting 315, this course continues with intensive study of such topics as stockholders' equity, valuation and disclosure of leases and pensions, income tax allocation, changing prices, revenue issues, earnings per share, and complexities related to the statement of changes in financial position. Analysis and interpretation of financial statements and problem-solving skills are integral parts of the course. Prerequisite: Acct 315.

ACCT 317. Advanced Financial Accounting (3)

A study of specialized topics in financial accounting, including partnership accounting, business combinations and consolidated financial statements, segment and interim reporting, foreign currency transactions and translation, and accounting and reporting for governmental and other nonprofit organizations. Involves considerable problem-solving and critical evaluation of controversial theoretical issues. Prerequisite: Acct 315 or 316.

ACCT 318. Analysis of Financial Statements (3)

This course uses financial statement information to analyze companies' profitability and risk. Understanding the form, content and relationships among the financial statements is integrated with the use of ratios and analytic adjustments to augment the information in published financial reports. Current developments, business strategies and off-balance-sheet financing are linked to assessments of companies, performance. Case studies, team projects and presentations involve actual companies, financial statements. Prerequisite: Acct 316 (may be taken concurrently); open only to graduating seniors.

ACCT 320. Fundamentals of Auditing (3)

An introduction to auditing theory, objectives, and practices related largely to the responsibilities of independent professional accountants. The auditing environment, generally accepted auditing standards, internal control theory, and reporting alternatives are considered. Exposure to operational auditing is provided. Prerequisites: Acct 311 and 315.

ACCT 324. Cost Accounting (3)

An in-depth study of cost concepts appropriate for product costing in a manufacturing operation, planning and controlling routine operations, and nonroutine decision-making. Topics include job order and process costing, joint and by-products, cost allocation, budgeting, standard costing, direct costing, cost-volume-profit analysis, and relevant costs for decisions. Prerequisite: Acct 152.

ACCT 371. Directed Readings (1-3)

Readings and research in various fields of accounting; designed for superior students who have a special interest in some topic or topics not covered by the regularly rostered courses. Written term paper(s) required. Prerequisite: preparation acceptable to the department chair.

ACCT 372. Special Topics (1-3)

Special problems and issues in accounting for which no regularly scheduled course work exists. When offered as group study, coverage varies according to interests of the instructor and students. Prerequisite: preparation in accounting acceptable to the program coordinator.

Course descriptions for the College of Business and Economics graduate courses can be found in this section (Section V) under the heading of Business and Economics Graduate Courses.

Africana Studies

Professors. William R. Scott, Ph.D. (Princeton), Professor of History, program director; Elizabeth N. Fifer, Ph.D. (Michigan), Professor of English.

Associate Professors. Kashi Johnson, MFA (University of Pittsburgh); Seth Moglen, Associate Professor of English, Ph.D. (UC Berkeley).

Assistant Professors. Heather Johnson, Ph.D. (Northeastern University); Assistant Professor of Sociology and Anthropology.

Adjunct Professors. Yaba A. Blay, Ph.D. (Temple); Andrew L. Kaye, Ph.D. (Columbia)

The purpose of the Africana Studies Program is to engender in Lehigh students an intellectual appreciation of the life and culture of peoples of sub-Saharan Africa and the worldwide diaspora, especially in the Americas (the United States and Canada, the Caribbean, Central and South America), thereby enriching the Lehigh curriculum and increasing the relevance of a Lehigh education to a culturally diverse society and world. In the best tradition of a liberal arts education, Africana Studies expands all Lehigh students' critical understanding of their own heritage in interaction with other cultures.

The major and minor in Africana Studies constitute an interdepartmental and comparative program of study for undergraduates who wish to integrate the insights and methods of several disciplines to understand the history, culture, social, and political experience of people of African descent globally.

The Major

The major in Africana Studies consists of a minimum of ten (10) courses, constituting at least 30 credit hours and no less than four (4) upper level courses. It entails training across disciplinary lines as well as concentrated study in a single discipline:

Introductory Course (1)

Humanities (3)

Social Sciences (3)

Disciplinary Concentration (3)

In addition, students are encouraged to pursue independent study opportunities to enhance their knowledge of specific aspects of Africana Studies.

The Minor

The minor consists of a minimum of five (5) courses, constituting at least 15 hours of study that includes the introductory course and no less than two upper level courses in the field.

Core Courses: Core courses concentrate on subject material directly relevant to the study of past and present experiences of people of African descent.

AAS 3. Introduction to Africana Studies (4)

An interdisciplinary examination of the roots, culture, and politics of the modern black world through study of classic works in Africana Studies with emphasis on the continuities among African peoples worldwide and the social forces that have shaped contemporary black life in Africa and the Americas. Fleisher (SS)

AAS 5. (HIST 5) African Civilization (4)

Sub-Saharan Africa through the millennia of the ancient world to the present. Human origins, state and non-state systems, the external slave trade; colonialism, resistance to European rule; independence movements; neocolonialism. Staff (SS)

AAS 35 (THTR 35) Performance (2)

Performing in a department-approved production. May be repeated for credit. (HU)

AAS 38. (ENGL 38) Introduction to African Literature (3)

Sub-Saharan African literary themes and styles, historical and social contexts, African folk tales, oral poetry, colonial protest literature, postcolonial writing, films on contemporary Africa. Staff (HU)

AAS 64. (ECO 64, HIST 64) Plantation to Ghetto (2)

Examination of topics in the economic history of African Americans from the 1500s to the present. Explores the slave trade, slavery, post-Civil War South, the black family, migration, urbanization, and race and poverty. O'Brien, Scott (SS)

AAS 103. (SSP 103) Race and Ethnicity (4) fall

Examines race and ethnicity from a sociological perspective. Focus on the role of the major racial and ethnic communities in modern American society. Explores the roles of race and ethnicity in identity, social relations, and social inequality. Topics include racial and ethnic communities, minority/majority groups, assimilation, prejudice/discrimination, identity and the social construction of the concept of "race." H. Johnson (SS)

AAS 117 (PHIL 117) Race and Philosophy (4)

An introduction to the philosophy born of struggle against racism and white supremacy. We will read the work of philosophers, mostly European, who quietly made modern racism possible by inventing the category of race, but we will concentrate on the work of philosophers, mostly of African descent, who for 200 years have struggled to force a philosophical critique of the category of race and the practice of white supremacy. (HU)

AAS 128 (MUSIC 128) Jazz History I (3) fall

A study of the roots of jazz. Starting in West Africa, the course traces the synthesis of African and European elements to 1945. Musicians covered are Gottshalk, Bolden, Morton, Armstrong, Hawkins, Basie, Ellington, and others. Warfield (HU)

AAS 129 (MUSIC 129) Jazz History II (3) spring

A survey of modern jazz from 1945 to present. Musicians covered include Parker, Gillespie, Monk, Davis, Coltrane, Hancock, and Coleman. Can be taken independently of Jazz History I, but the first course would be helpful. Warfield (HU)

AAS 179. (HIST 179) Black Political Thought in America (4)

Black leadership, organizations, and philosophy in America from Reconstruction to the Civil Rights Era; ideas and programs of Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. DuBois, Marcus Garvey, Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr. Scott (SS)

AAS 130. (HIST 130) African American History (4)

Blacks in America from the first importation of Africans to the implementation of civil rights laws. West African origins, slave trade, slavery, free blacks and emancipation and study of Reconstruction, segregation, urbanization, and the struggle for racial equality. Staff (SS)

AAS 138. Introduction to African American Literature (4)

Survey of African American prose narrative and poetry from the 18th century to the present. Features writers from the Harlem Renaissance, the Black Arts Movement, and the post-Black Power era. Staff (HU)

AAS 140. (THTR 140) African American Theatre (4)

Foundations of African American theater: historical, literary, and practical. K. Johnson (HU)

AAS 142. (PSYC 142) The Psychology of African Americans (4)

Exploration of scholarship on the attitudes and actions of black Americans stressing the psychological dynamics, popular culture and behavior of contemporary African Americans. Staff (SS)

AAS 145. (WS 145) African American Women Writers (4)

Literature by African American women writers with a focus on the experiences and images of black women in the U.S. Explores the written portraits and voices of 20th century black female novelists and poets, including Hurston, Petry, Morrison, Angelou, and Walker. Staff (HU)

AAS 148. Cultural Diversity in the Caribbean (4)

Cultural diversity in the Caribbean islands and the Guyanas, with emphasis on the African, Amerindian, and Indian influences. The sociological and cultural implications of the region's diversity, with special emphasis on ethnicity, slavery and indenture, emancipation and independence, modernization, immigration, the impact of tourism and the development of Creole cultures. Lecture and discussion. Staff (SS)

AAS 166. (SSP 166) Wealth and Poverty in the United States (4)

Examines the sociology of wealth and poverty - affluence and disadvantage, "rags and riches" - in American Society. Focus is a critical analysis of the wealth gap, its causes, consequences and social context. We will consider the roles of wealth and poverty in determining life chances and structuring opportunity, as well as their roles in the perpetuation of social inequality across generations. We will address contemporary debates surrounding public policy, tax laws, anti-poverty programs and other reform efforts aimed at decreasing the gap between the "Haves" and the "Have-Nots." H. Johnson (SS)

AAS 183 (ANTH 183) Peoples and Cultures of Africa (4)

Studies African modernity through a close reading of ethnographies, social stories, novels, and African feature films. Staff (SS)

AAS 263. Caribbean Artistic and Cultural Traditions (4)

Representation of contemporary popular culture in the Caribbean in literature, music, painting and other artistic expressions. Major attention is devoted to the influences on tradition, folklore and religion in modern Caribbean life. Staff (HU)

AAS 310. (SSP 310, WS 310) Gender, Race and Sexuality: The Social Construction of Differences (4)

This course will provide the student with an opportunity to engage current debates about the meaning and use of racial and sexual classification systems in society. Using a multidisciplinary and critical approach, we will examine the historical and sociological contexts in which specific theories of racial and sexual differences emerged in the U S. Prerequisite: SSP 103, or department permission. H. Johnson (SS)

AAS 318 (ENGL 318) Topics in African-American Literature and Culture (4)

Speical Topics in African American culture and/or the cultures of the African diaspora. Topics may be focused by period, genre, thematic interest or interdisciplinary method including, for example, "Nineteenth-century African American Literature and Politics", "African-American Folklore", "Black Atlantic Literature", "The Harlem Renaissance", "African-American Women Writers". May be repeated for credit as title varies.

AAS 331. (HIST 331) United States and Africa (4)

Reciprocal relationships between North America and the African continent from the slave trade in the seventeenth century to the twentieth century Afrocentric movement; impact of Americans on shaping of modern Africa, Pan-African relations; influence of African Americans on U.S. policies toward Africa. Scott (SS)

AAS 332. (HIST 332) Slavery and the American South (4)

The emergence and demise of the "peculiar institution" of African American slavery in British North America and the Old South. African background, colonial beginnings, 19th century slave community, the ruling race and proslavery ideology, the death of slavery and its aftermath, slavery and freedom in a comparative context. Staff (SS)

AAS 352 (POLS 352) Civil Rights and Liberties (4)

A survey of Supreme Court policymaking pursuant to the Bill of Rights, the Fourteenth Amendment, and federal civil rights statues. Among the covered topics are changing Supreme Court doctrine concerning freedom of speech and press, religious liberty, criminal procedure, and the due process and equal protection clauses. Pinaire (ND)

AAS 359. (HIST 359) History of South Africa (4)

South Africa's history from its earliest human settlement to its emergence as a racist political order and transition to a non-racial democratic state. Includes comparisons with political thought and practices in the U.S. Scott (SS)

AAS 371, 372. Independent Study (1-3)

Independent study in advanced areas of Africana Studies. Independent research with an individual faculty member in the Africana Studies program. Consent of director (ND)

AAS 379. (SSP 379) Race and Class in America (4)

The ways in which race and class intersect in the social, economic, and political structures of American society. Through sociological literature, fiction, non-fiction, film, and other media we will explore the place of race and class in American society. We will examine how race and class operate on a personal, "micro" level, while at the same time operating on a large-scale, "macro" level. H. Johnson (SS)

AAS 381. Special Topics. (ND)

AAS 382. Seminar on a topic in Africana Studies. (ND)

Collateral Courses

American Studies

American Studies Faculty. John Pettegrew, Ph.D. (Wisconsin), associate professor of history, Director of the American Studies Program; Gail A. Cooper, Ph.D. (UC., Santa Barbara), associate professor of history; Berrisford Booth, M.F.A. associate professor (Maryland Institute College of Art); Stephen H. Cutcliffe, Ph.D. (Lehigh), professor of history; Edward J. Gallagher, Ph.D. (Notre Dame), professor of English; Norman J. Girardot, Ph.D. (Chicago), professor of religion studies; Heather Johnson, Ph.D. (Northeastern), associate professor of sociology; Dawn Keetley, Ph.D. (Wisconsin), associate professor of English; Judith N. Lasker, Ph.D. (Harvard), professor of sociology; Michelle LeMaster, Ph.D. (Johns Hopkins), assistant professor of history; Jack Lule, Ph.D. (Georgia), professor of journalism; James R. McIntosh, Ph.D. (Syracuse), professor of sociology; Richard K. Mathews, Ph.D. (Toronto), distinguished professor of political science; Kim Meltzer, Ph.D. (Pennsylvania), assistant professor of journalism; Seth Moglen, Ph.D. (U.C., Berkeley), associate professor of English; Edward T. Morgan, Ph.D. (Brandeis), professor of political science; Monica Najar, Ph.D. (Wisconsin), associate professor of history; Kathy Olson, Ph.D. (North Carolina), associate professor of journalism; Brian Pinaire, Ph.D. (Rutgers), assistant professor of political science; Michael L. Raposa, Ph.D. (Pennsylvania), professor of religion studies; William R. Scott, Ph.D. (Princeton), professor of history; Roger D. Simon, Ph.D. (Wisconsin), professor of history; John K. Smith, Ph.D. (Delaware), associate professor of history; Jean R. Soderlund, Ph.D. (Temple), professor of history; Albert Wurth, Ph.D. (North Carolina), associate professor of political science.

American Studies is the interdisciplinary study of American thought, literature, and culture-both past and present. Born in the early years of the Cold War and with an implied commitment to American exceptionalism, American Studies has since transformed itself into a multi-faceted critical examination of United States society. Comparative frameworks along with close attention to applying cultural and literary theory to such matters as violence, citizenship, democracy, community, poverty and prosperity, politics, race, and gender in the United States make American Studies an intellectually sophisticated yet practical course of undergraduate study.

American Studies is an excellent major for those seeking a general education in the liberal arts and social sciences. Students have found it a particularly good major for careers in journalism, law, and teaching.

Lehigh in New York Summer Program

The American Studies Program hosts a six-week summer academic session in New York City. Several professors of History, Sociology and Anthropology, Art and Architecture, English, and other departments contribute their teaching and research expertise on New York City to the program.

Lehigh in New York combines course work on New York culture, art, and history with experiential learning in the city itself. Walking tours, theatre, art museums, and just hanging out deepen students' classroom study of one of the world's great cities.

Students stay in a New York University dormitory in Greenwich Village and attend classes within easy walking distance. The program cost includes eight Lehigh University undergraduate credits, dormitory room, meal plan, and special events.

Each student selects two courses out of three or four that are normally offered. Courses offered usually include The History of New York City's Built Environment (HIST 96) and TV in New York and Beyond (COMM/HIST/SSP 197).

Requirements for the major:

The American Studies major consists of a minimum of 35 credit hours, normally ten courses. The major must complete the following three groups of courses:

I. Four Required Courses

II. Three Courses Split between the Departments of English and History (a minimum of nine credits)-at least one course must be at the 200 level or higher

III. Three Further Courses on a Topical or Chronological Focus (a minimum of nine credits), one of which must be outside English and History. At least one course must be at the 200-level or higher.

In close consultation with his/her adviser, students will select a topical focus (e.g., ethnicity and race, film and electronic media, art and literature, popular culture, gender, cross-cultural studies, legal and political thought) or a chronological focus (e.g., antebellum America, the twentieth century), which they will explore in at least three courses plus their senior thesis or project.

American Studies Courses include:

This is not a comprehensive list. New courses may be offered each semester. Students should check with the director for an updated list.

Courses:

AMST 101. Introduction to American Studies (4) An introduction to the methods, concerns, and practices of American Studies through the examination of a critical decade of cultural transformation (e.g. the 1770s, 1850s, 1890s, 1930s or 1970s). Will draw on literature, philosophy, painting, architecture, landscape design, social thought and cultural criticism, crime, reform movements, sports, and popular culture to explore such topics as responses to economic change, ideas of nature and culture, the meaning of work and leisure, law and politics, race, construction of gender, family structure, population dynamics, science and technology, sexuality, class, urban experience, and the American polity.

AMST 372. Special Topics in American Studies (4) Focused interdisciplinary study of one particular subject area in American culture.

AMST 391. Senior Thesis or Project (2) Independent work with an individual faculty member on a research thesis or other project approved by faculty member and adviser.

AMST 392. Senior Thesis or Project (4) Continuation of AMST 391.

Graduate Work in American Studies A Master of Arts degree in American Studies is offered jointly by the departments of English and History. Candidates for the master's degree must complete at least 30 credit hours. In addition to the Theory and Method course, students must choose two courses in American history and two courses in American literature and film from those offered by the history department and the English department. Students must also take one special topics seminar. The other four courses for the master's degree will be divided between thesis or "thesis paper" credits and American Studies courses not in history or literature/film. To fulfill the thesis requirement, students will write one longer thesis or two thesis papers that are aimed at conference presentation and/or publication.

Courses:

AMST 400. American Studies: Theory and Method An introduction to the theoretical orientations and methodological strategies of American Studies. Seminar involves extensive reading as well as application of theory and method to students' research.

AMST 401. Special Topics in American Studies Graduate seminar focused on one particular subject area in American Culture.

AMST 490. Master's Thesis Independent work with a faculty member on master's thesis. Topic approved by individual faculty member. Typically taken in the last semester of course work.

Applied Mathematics and Statistics

Professors. Bennett Eisenberg, Ph.D. (M.I.T); Wei-Min Huang, Ph.D. (Rochester); Garth Isaak, Ph.D. (Rutgers); Eric P. Salathe, Ph.D. (Brown); Joseph E. Yukich, Ph.D. (M.I.T.).

Associate Professors. Ramamirthan Venkataraman, Ph.D. (Brown).

Assistant Professors. Ping-Shi Wu, Ph.D. (U.C. Davis); Linghai Zhang, Ph.D. (Ohio).

The Division of Applied Mathematics and Statistics was established within the Department of Mathematics to promote and administer undergraduate and graduate education in applied mathematics and statistics, and to foster interdisciplinary research in the mathematical sciences at Lehigh. Courses and programs offered by the division may be found under the departmental listing.

Applied Science

Director, associate dean of the P.C. Rossin College of Engineering and Applied Science

The Applied Science Program enables students to create interdisciplinary specialties that prepare them for careers in a world that increasingly bridges academic disciplines. Students pursue subject-area concentrations that represent academic interests they wish to integrate into a meaningful program. The core offers students the intellectual tools to identify connections between the concentrations and engage in interdisciplinary problem-solving and critical thinking.

The program leads to the Bachelor of Science in Applied Science. Each student's curriculum combines a general engineering education with a carefully customized concentration in engineering and/or science as well as another area of emphasis, which may include courses taken inside the PC Rossin College of Engineering & Applied Science and may also include courses taken in one or more of the other three Colleges within the University.

In order to ensure the success of this individualized approach to education, Applied Science places primary emphasis on advisement. Each student is teamed with an advisor who helps the student plan the course of study and who supervises independent study and internships. The advisor remains the student's advisor throughout his or her undergraduate career.

Unlike students in the traditional college programs, students in the Applied Science program of individualized study do not declare a major in a particular academic department. Instead, they develop a concentration that may combine study in several areas. Students are encouraged by their advisor to develop the concentration in such a way that the student will be well prepared for further study in graduate school or for pursuing a particular career path. While the chosen concentration can be highly customized in consultation with the advisor, examples of concentrations include: Technical Communications, Digital Media, Entertainment Science, Technology/Science and Education, Technology/Science and Pre-law, Technology/Science and Pre-Medicine, Technology Management, Technology Marketing, and Engineering and Architecture. Many other combinations are possible.

The College of Engineering & Applied Science requirements in math and basic sciences, as well as the humanities and social science requirements must also be satisfied.

Recommended Sequence of Courses

first engineering year (see Section III)

sophomore year, first semester (15 credits)

sophomore year, second semester (17 credits)

junior year, first semester (17 credits)

junior year, second semester (15 credits)

senior year, first semester (18 credit hours)

senior year, second semester (18 credits)

Apprentice Teaching

300. Apprentice Teaching (1-4)

Supervised participation in various aspects of the teaching of a course. Transcript will identify department in which apprentice teaching was performed. Prerequisite: consent of department chairperson. The transcript will reflect the subject area in which the teaching was done.

Art and Architecture

Professors. Lucy Gans, M.F.A. (Pratt); Ricardo Viera, M.F.A. (R.I.S.D.), director of Lehigh University Art Galleries; Ivan Zaknic, M.ARCH. and Urban Planning (Princeton); Anthony Viscardi, M.ARCH (Georgia Institute of Technology).

Associate Professors. Berrisford W. Boothe, M.F.A. (Maryland Institute College of Art); Anna M. Chupa, M.F.A. (University of Delaware); Amy Forsyth, M.ARCH (Princeton); Bruce Thomas, Ph.D. (University of Calif., Berkeley).

Assistant Professor. Marilyn Jones.

Professors of Practice. B. Wesley Heiss, M.ARCH (Rice University); Christine Ussler, M.ARCH (Columbia University).

The department of art and architecture offers four major programs:

The architecture major is a multidisciplinary major based in a department that draws on the resources of all Lehigh's colleges. Although architectural design is the primary concern of this major, other courses in architectural history, art studio and technology are also required.

The architecture major leads to the liberal arts B.A. (Bachelor of Arts), a pre-professional four-year degree. This degree is satisfactory for admission to graduate study in architecture and candidacy for the M.ARCH. professional degree.

In recent years students have gone on to graduate study in architecture at Yale, Harvard, Columbia, University of Pennsylvania, Maryland and Washington University, among other schools, or to entry-level employment in the profession.

The Arts/Engineering five-year degree, in which the student earns both B.A. (architecture) and B.S. (civil engineering), is available for those interested in both fields.

A major in art introduces the student to the basic media of art such as drawing, sculpture, painting, and photography. For those interested in becoming creative artists, intensive study at Lehigh as well as the other Lehigh Valley colleges is recommended; such students can expect to take more than the required number of credits for the major. A major in art may also focus on museum studies or graphic design.

A major in art can also be combined with psychology for those who seek a career in art therapy. It may also be combined with theater for those interested in costume design or with architecture and theater for those interested in set design. A major in art and minor in education is available for students interested in becoming public school art teachers.

The resources of the Lehigh University art collection and the Zoellner Art Center are made available to many students taking classes in art.

The Lehigh University Art Galleries maintain and develop the university's permanent art collection. LUAG presents temporary exhibitions, designed to provide visual literacy as part of the university learning experience. Exhibitions and gallery events supplement formal classroom study across the disciplines and create educational opportunities for the student body, enriching the cultural life of the campus and community at large. The university's public collection of outdoor sculpture, in a variety of sizes and materials such as steel, aluminum, bronze, slate and wood, can be found on all three campuses.

Approximately 20 exhibitions a year introduce contemporary topics in art and culture. The exhibition schedule includes gallery talks, lectures and workshops, as well as opportunities for research in the permanent collection. Experts in various fields serve as guest curators of special projects.

Minor programs are available in art, with an emphasis on studio art, art/architectural history, graphic design, and museum studies. Course requirements are specified, and a list of courses acceptable for the minor is available in the department.

An art history major introduces students to the study of works of art as they relate to the historical and cultural contexts in which they are produced. Students will be exposed to a broad range of artistic production, from antiquity through the present, and to the varied intellectual concerns and methodological approaches that characterize the discipline. Because the discipline of art history approaches the study of works of art from diverse concerns and interests, students will also learn to use evidence from the study of history, religion, economics, politics, literature, and gender studies. The art history major trains students in critical thinking and analytical skills that provide an excellent foundation for careers or further study in the field of art history, as well as for a wide range of other professional and educational options. Many students of art history at Lehigh have gone on to jobs in art galleries, museums, and other cultural institutions, or to graduate study in art history. Others have gone on to successful careers in such fields of law, business, and medicine.

Art history majors have a wealth of resources at Lehigh University. Majors are encouraged to make use of the original works of art in the collection of the Lehigh University Art Gallery, and the Special Collections of the Lehigh's library. Students are also able to study abroad through programs such as the Lehigh in Rome and Florence program and Lehigh in Paris program, as well as a number of semester abroad programs available to Lehigh students. Proximity to major art museums in New York and Philadelphia provide superb opportunities for studying first-rate, original works of art. Field trips to these cities are organized regularly through the Department of Art and Architecture.

An architectural history major introduces students to the study of architecture as an academic discipline not centered in the studio. Rather, architecture will be presented as the means of understanding the broad range of ideas, issues and events traditionally associated with study in the humanities. This includes the study of history, art, religion, economics, politics, industrial development, business practices, etc. - all addressed by examination of the unique qualities inherent in the tangible artifacts that are buildings, and in the disparate ideas associated with the production of those buildings.

Students in architectural history may gravitate toward jobs in historic preservation, in municipal and state government in capacities related to growth and development, in museum and cultural institutions, or may pursue graduate study in the academic discipline. Or they may even go into archival and research work as part of an architectural practice.

An architectural history major at Lehigh has numerous resources available. The Special Collections of the library and the permanent collection of the Lehigh University Art Galleries contain a wealth of material. The summer foreign study programs of the Dept. of Art & Architecture as well as numerous semester-abroad programs are obvious valuable resources for the architectural historian. The proximity to New York and Philadelphia expand further the range of resources, and provide great urban repositories of building to study first-hand. Indeed, a wide area rich in architectural history surrounds the Lehigh student interested in focusing on the built environment.

Note: A student must achieve a 2.0 or higher in each major course.

Departmental Honors:

Exceptional students in art or architecture may apply for departmental honors at the end of their junior year or beginning of their senior year. To be eligible, a student must have attained a 3.5 GPA in her/his major program and a minimum overall GPA of 3.0. Candidates should submit to the department chair a written proposal, prepared in consultation with a faculty advisor. The project could result in a research paper, design project, or exhibition, accompanied by an oral presentation. Successful completion of the project and presentation would result in the "Departmental Honors" designation being affixed to the student's transcript.

Art Major

Forty-three credit hours are required.

Required courses (22 credit hours)

plus one of the following (3 credit hours)

plus six studio major courses (18 credit hours)

Art studio; six courses, two at the advanced level.

A typical first semester schedule might include ART 1: Art History: Ancient & Medieval [required for the major], or ARCH 1: Architectural History I, ART/DES 3, Design Foundations I [required for the major], or an available art studio offering such as ART 13, Sculpture I, [required for the major], ART 11, Drawing I, or ART 77, Photography.

A typical second semester schedule might include ART 2: Art History: Renaissance to Present [required for the major], ART/DES 4, Design Foundations II [required for the major], or an available art studio offering such as ART 13, Sculpture I, [required for the major], ART 15, Figure I, [required for the major], ART 11, Drawing I, or ART 77, Photography.

Art History Major

Forty credit hours are required.

Required Courses: (20 credit hours)

Distribution requirements: (15 credit hours)

One art studio course (in addition to Art 3 or Art 4): (3 credits)

One course from ancient art (3 credits):

One course from medieval/renaissance art (3-6 credits):

Two courses in the history of architecture (6 credits):

Elective Courses (6-8 credits)

Any of the courses listed above, as well as:

Architecture Major

Fifty-two credit hours are required.

Design Sequence (22 credit hours)

Art Studio (12 credit hours)

plus two other studios (various choices) (6)

Architectural History (9 credit hours)

Materials and Building Systems (3)

Architecture and its intellectual context (6 credit hours) (including Architecture and Technology courses)

Architecture and Technology

For the architecture major, students must fulfill the mathematics requirement with MATH 21 & 22 or MATH 51 & 52 or MATH 75/76 and MATH 22 or MATH 52; the physical science requirement must be filled with PHYS 10 or 11 and 12.

ARCH 5 Introduction to Architecture (2) and ARCH 6 Introduction to Architectural Drawing (2) are recommended for first-year students. A typical first semester schedule might include ART /ARCH 1, ART /Architectural History I [required for major], ART 3/DES 3 Design Foundations I [required for major] and ARCH 5 Introduction to Architecture [recommended for major]. A typical second semester schedule might include ARCH 2 Architectural History II [required for major], and ART 4/DES 4 Design Foundations II [required for major].

For students contemplating graduate studies in architecture, MECH 2 is recommended.

Architectural History Major

Thirty-nine to forty-four credit hours are required.

Required Courses (21 credits)

Distribution requirements (9-11 credits)

One course from the ancient world (3 credits)

One course from the medieval / renaissance world (3-4 credits)

One course from technology (4 credits)

Elective Courses (9-12 credits)

Three courses: any of the courses listed above as well as:

Undergraduate Courses in Art

ART 1. Art History: Ancient and Medieval (3) fall

Survey of major monuments of art and architecture from the prehistoric caves of Lascaux and Altamira through the Gothic cathedrals of Chartres and Notre-Dame of Paris, along with highlights of art and architecture of the non-Western civilizations of Africa, India, and China. Work seen in the context of cultural, historical, and technological developments. Staff (HU)

ART 2. Art History: Renaissance to Present (3) spring

Survey of Western painting and sculpture from Renaissance to present. Staff (HU)

ART 3. (DES 3) Design Foundations I (3)

An introduction to the basic elements and principles of design. Course involves use of various materials to solve 2-D design problems in studio and computer lab. Required for all majors in department. Staff (HU)

ART 4. (DES 4) Design Foundations II (3)

An introduction to the basic elements and principles of design. Course involves use of various materials to solve 3-D design problems in studio and computer lab. Problem solving in variety of materials for 3-D design including assemblages, models, constructions, and conceptual forms. Required for all majors in department. Staff (HU)

ART 11. Drawing I (3)

Concepts and practice of drawing, both traditional and contemporary. Includes drawing from life and an introduction to materials and techniques. Staff (HU)

ART 13. Sculpture I (3)

Projects directed toward developing design in sculpture. Exploration of materials and their application. Emphasis on sculptural form as it relates to techniques. Gans (HU)

ART 15. Figure I (3)

Drawing and modeling in clay from direct observation of the human figure. Fundamental principles of drawing, and two- and three- dimensional design through analysis of the human form. In-class exercises cover basic scale, proportion, structure, drawing media and techniques, and clay modeling. Emphasis on personal expression, the human figure as vehicle for narrative, abstract or formal drawings or sculpture. Gans (HU)

ART 22. (REL 22) Visions of God: 2000 Years of Christian History and Art (4)

An interdisciplinary course that combines art history and the history of Christianity. From the beginnings of their tradition, Christians have represented their theologies and religious sentiments in visual arts and architecture, and for the same two millennia, a myriad of Christians have learned their Christianity through visual representations. Provides a one-semester survey of the history of Christianity as expressed in the visual arts. Wright (HU)

ART 35. Painting I (3)

Painting in oil beginning with color mixing and basic layering techniques. Students learn the basic mechanisms for creative expression. Emphasis on understanding the physical nature of the materials. Studio prerequisite: ART 3, 4, 11 or consent of instructor. Boothe (HU)

ART 37. Survey of Printmaking I (3) fall

Introduction to various techniques in relief and intaglio printing: monoprints, woodcuts, linocuts, drypoint, etching grounds, aquatint, and other intaglio techniques. Includes an historical survey through slides and actual examples. Viera (HU)

ART 38. Survey of Printmaking II (3) spring

Introduction to the fundamentals of stone and metal lithography and the basics of screen printing as a fine art print medium: various screen stencils, blockouts, and color transparencies; drawing methods and transfer. Includes an historical survey through slides and actual examples. Viera (HU)

Art 42. (REL 42) Representing the Sacred: Art and Religious Experience in Italy (6) alternate summers in Rome and Florence

This course explores the interaction between artistic expression and religious experience from the earliest traces of Christian art in the catacombs to the sensual and theatrical churches of the Baroque. All classes are conducted on site: in museums, churches, and in the streets of Rome, Florence, and Assisi. No prerequisites. Wright (HU)

ART 53. (DES 53) Graphic Design I (3) fall and spring

Design principles are explored with emphasis on visual communication. Students learn basic concepts for design and typography including the vocabulary and historical precedence of graphic design and computer graphics. Introduction to professional-level formal exercises contributes to the development of visual thinking and original ideas. Prerequisite: ART 3/DES 3. Staff (HU)

ART 68. (DES 68) Color Theory (3)

Application of color in design. Color in graphics, product, digital imaging, and all related fields of design. (HU)

ART 69. Special Topics in Art History (1-3)

Directed projects for students in the history of art or architecture. Prerequisites: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit. (HU)

ART 73. Introductory Studio Practice (1-3)

An introduction to the methods and techniques of studio art. Designed to acquaint the student with general studio practice, covering topics not covered in other specific studio course listings. May be repeated for credit. Staff (ND)

ART 77. Photography I (3)

Introduction to photography as a fine art. Emphasis on interaction of technique, perception and communication in making and responding to photographic image. Lectures, demonstrations, critiques. Students must provide own hand camera. Staff (HU)

ART 111. Drawing II (3)

Projects in creative drawing designed to build on concepts and practices initiated in basic drawing and life drawing. Prerequisite: ART 11. Staff (HU)

ART 113. Sculpture II (3)

Development of principles and techniques in Sculpture I. Modeling, casting, fabrication and carving. Emphasizes an approach to sculptural form and an exploration of the evolution of modern sculpture. Prerequisite: ART 13. Gans (HU)

ART 115. Figure II (3)

Projects in figure modeling and drawing from direct observation of the human figure, designed to build on concepts and practices initiated in Figure I. Students may elect to concentrate in one particular medium, although the primary investigation of form will always incorporate both two- and three-dimensional work. Prerequisite: ART 15. Gans (HU)

ART 120. 20th-Century Art (4)

A survey of the major movements of 20th century art including Cubism, Expressionism, Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism, Pop, Minimalism, Conceptual Art, Feminism and Post-Modernism. Staff (HU)

ART 121. (GC 121, WS 121) Women in Art (4)

Women artists from Renaissance to present. Attitudes toward women artists and their work; changing role of women in the art world. Visits to museums and artists' studios. May be repeated for credit as topic varies. Gans (HU)

ART 135. Painting II (3)

A sustained exploration of paint media. Students concentrate on developing a body of related images using various media and approaches. Prerequisite: ART 35. Boothe (HU)

ART 144. (REL 144) Raw Vision: Creativity and Ecstasy in the Work of Shamans, Mystics, and Artist Outsiders (4)

Comparative exploration of the nature and meaning of religious and artistic experience as reflected in shamanism (both prehistoric and tribal), mystic traditions (especially Taoism and Christianity), and contemporary self-taught artistic visionaries (e.g. Jean Dubuffet, Howard Finster, Mr. Imagination, Lonnie Holley, Norbert Kox). Various disciplinary perspectives will be employed including comparative religions, anthropology, art history, and psychology. Girardot (HU)

ART 148. (DES 148) Furniture Design 1 (3)

Design methodology, fabrication techniques, and methods of design presentation. Prerequisite: ART/DES 4. Forsyth (HU)

ART 153. (DES 153) Graphic Design II (3) spring

Aspects of design are inter-related in function, concept or planning processes. Students focus on the poster in order to solve a variety of contemporary design problems. Professional-level formal team exercises include a series of informative posters, identity systems, publication, and advertising design. Computer graphics and Macintosh lab are employed as integral design tools in graphic design. Prerequisite: ART 53/DES 53. Staff (HU)

ART 169. Special Topics in Art History (1-3)

Directed projects for students in the history of art or architecture. Prerequisites: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit. Staff (HU)

ART 174. (ARCH 174, CLSS 174, ANTH 174) Greek Archaeology (3)

Ancient Greek cultures from the neolithic to hellenistic periods. Reconstructions of Greek social dynamics from study of artifacts. Small (SS)

ART 176. (ARCH 176, CLSS 176, ANTH 176) Roman Archaeology (3)

Cultures of the Roman Empire. Reconstructions of social, political, and economic dynamics of the imperial system from study of artifacts. Small (SS)

ART 177. Digital Photography (3)

Intensive work in photography as fine art using digital input and output. Lectures, demonstrations, critiques. Staff (HU)

ART 179. History of Photography (1)

Photography as fine art from earliest images to present day. Problems in contemporary photography. Staff (HU)

ART 206. (ARCH 206) Medieval Art and Architecture (3)

Focus on art and architecture in Western Europe from 313 A.D. until ca. 1500 A.D. Topics include: the emergence of Christian art and architecture; the art of barbarian migrations; the Carolingian Renaissance; monasticism, pilgrimage and the Romanesque; the Gothic cathedral; and medieval manuscript illumination. Staff (HU)

ART 207. (ARCH 207) Renaissance Art and Architecture (3)

Survey of the art and architecture of the Italian Renaissance from its beginnings in 13th and 14th century Tuscany and its first flowering in 15th century Florence through the brilliant achievements of the masters of the High Renaissance and later 16th century. Staff (HU)

ART 211. Drawing III (3)

Projects in traditional and contemporary drawing. Oriented toward developing an individual portfolio. Drawing as a vehicle for ideas, creative expression, and image making. Students investigate a broad range of materials, forms and traditions. Prerequisite: ART 111. Boothe or Gans (HU)

ART 213. Sculpture III (4)

Development of principles and techniques in Sculpture II for advanced students. Modeling, casting, fabrication and carving. Prerequisite: ART 113. Gans (HU)

ART 215. Figure III (3)

Further exploration of the human figure as the subject of art. More advanced students may elect to concentrate in either two- or three- dimensional representations in any media. The emphasis will be on personal interpretation and independent work with the instructor. Prerequisite: ART 115. Gans (HU)

ART 222. Seminar in Contemporary Art (3)

Recent aspects, developments in contemporary art. Exploring ideas and consequences of today's image-making. Studio workshops, readings, discussions and museum visits. Prerequisite: ART 2. Staff (HU)

ART 235. Painting III (3)

Emphasis on identifying an individual creative style or direction with the media. Students are encouraged to develop a body of painted work ready for professional exhibitions. Outside critics invited to final reviews. Prerequisite: ART 135 or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit. Staff (HU)

ART 248. (DES 248) Furniture Design II (3)

Advanced fabrication. Contemporary art issues and furniture history. Prerequisite: ART/DES 148. Forsyth (HU)

ART 253. (DES 253) Graphic Design III (3) fall

A combination workshop/seminar course in which the student, as part of a design team, through classroom and individual discussion with the instructor and respective non-profit clients, develops and produces a minimum of two major design projects. Readings and classroom discussions of contemporary graphic design history and current trends form an essential part of the course. Prerequisite: ART/DES 153. Staff (HU)

ART 269. Special Topics in Art History (1-3)

Directed projects for advanced students in the history of art or architecture. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit. Staff (ND)

ART 273. Special Topics in Studio Practice (1-4)

Individually directed projects for advanced students capable of undertaking independent creative work in studio art. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit. Staff (ND)

ART 277. Special Topics in Photography (1-4)

Individually directed projects in photography for advanced students capable of undertaking creative work in photography. Prerequisites: ART 177 and consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit. Staff (ND)

ART 311. Art Portfolio (1-4)

The concept, layout, and preparation of a portfolio for graduate school application or employment search, including graphic techniques and reproduction method. Student must contact sponsoring professor. Prerequisite: ART 111 or consent of instructor. (ND)

ART 337. Multimedia Workshop (3)

A workshop emphasizing individual instruction and allowing students to explore all art mediums and/or combinations while developing a relationship between ideas and materials. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: consent of professor. Viera (HU)

ART 350. Special Topics in Graphic Design and Theory Seminar (1-4)

Current topics in graphic communication theory and practice. Course will cover preparation, production, and formulation of individual portfolio. Selected readings and discussions in professional ethics as well as legal issues in the field will be covered. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisites: ART/DES 253. Staff (ND)

ART 352. Advanced Studio Practice (1-4)

Advanced studio for art or architecture majors under guidance of faculty. Oral and written critiques. Variable media. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisites: Third-level (200-numbered) course of a studio art discipline and permission of instructor. Staff (HU)

ART 353. Graphic Design Internship (1-4)

Practical in-field experience in a communication design field. Preapproved a semester in advance by instructor and host organization. A minimum of 15 hours per week. Prerequisite: Art/Des 253. Staff (ND)

ART 356. Historiography and Research Seminar (3)

This seminar introduces students to the tradition of art history, from Winckelmann to the present day, and to various art historical methodologies, including formalism and connoisseurship, iconology, Marxism, the social history of art, and semiology. Students will be trained in advanced research methods, culminating in a major research paper. Prerequisites: Art 1, 2, and 120, or permission of the instructor. Staff (HU)

ART 373. Studio Art Internship (1-4)

Practical in-field experience in an artist's studio or art-related apprenticeship opportunity. Requires approval a semester in advance by instructor and host organization. Staff (ND)

Museum Studies

ART 175. Introduction to Museum Work (3)

Introduction to the world of museums, surveying theory and practice through readings and class discussions in all aspects of museums (A to Z), art galleries and art/historical management. The course combines in situ (LUAG/Museum Operation) instruction, conversations with museum professionals and hands-on experience. Students complete several interactive (P-B & CL) exercises/projects. Viera. (ND)

ART 275. Museums: Research, Collections & Exhibition Issues (4)

Theory and practice in contemporary museums and galleries through readings and class discussion. Practicum at the LUAG/Museum Operation dealing with care of museum collections, collection management, intellectual and practical tasks of preparing and communicating through exhibitions, and the professional responsibilities of the curator and curatorial staff. Students will complete a number of exercises and a research report or equivalent. Prerequisite: Art 175. Viera. (ND)

ART 276: Museums: Education, Communication and Organization Issues (4)

Theory and practice in contemporary museums and galleries through readings and class discussions. Practicum in the LUAG/Museum Operation dealing with design and installation of exhibitions; educational programming and the community; organization, principles of management and strategic planning; museum advocacy. Students complete a number of exercises and a research report or equivalent. Pre-requisite: Art 275. Viera (ND)

ART 370. Special Topics in Museum and Curatorial Studies (1-4)

Special project and/or internship for graduate and advanced undergraduates. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: Art 275/276 or equivalent course in anthropology, public history or education technology. Viera (ND)

ART 375. Museum Internship (1-4)

Internship under professional supervision in all areas of museums and/or related organizations, regionally, nationally or abroad in well established or accredited institutions. Students must initiate contact/application. A contractual agreement or letter of acceptance is required. Prerequisite: Art 275/276 or departmental permission. Viera. (ND)

Undergraduate Courses in Architecture

ARCH 1. Architectural History I (3) fall

Survey of architecture from earliest building to the Renaissance, examined in the context of culture formation, design concepts, and the built environment. Thomas (HU)

ARCH 2. Architectural History II (3) spring

Survey of architecture from the Renaissance to the present, examined in the context of culture formation, design concepts, and the built environment. Thomas (HU)

ARCH 5. Introduction to Architecture (2) fall

An introduction to the discipline of architecture for first-year probable architecture majors. Covers basic principles, aspects of the profession, how to understand building, etc. Staff. Freshman Year Class. (HU; FYC)

ARCH 6. Introduction to Architectural Drawing (2) spring

An introduction to basic architectural drawing skills for first-year probable architecture majors. Covers sketching techniques, orthographic drawing, axonometric, etc. Staff (ND)

ARCH 10. (CEE 10) Engineering/Architectural Graphics and Design (3)

Graphical communication of civil engineering or architectural projects using manual techniques and commercial state-of-the-art computer software. Topics include visualization and sketching; orthographic, isometric and other drawings; points, lines and planes in descriptive geometry; site design; overview of geographical information systems and 3-D applications. Teamwork on design projects with oral and graphical presentations. Open to a limited number of architecture, design arts or other students with project roles consistent with students' background. Not available to students who have taken MECH 10.

ARCH 43. Architectural Design I (4)

Fundamental design studio for architecture majors. Composition, spatial concepts; precedent; materials and detail; light and color in architecture. Instruction in basic communication techniques. Prerequisite: ART/DES 3 and ART/DES 4. Reserved for declared Architecture majors. Viscardi or Ussler (ND)

ARCH 107. History of American Architecture (3) spring

Survey of American building from European colonization to the present. Prerequisite: ART/ARCH 1 and ARCH 2 or permission of instructor. Thomas. (HU)

ARCH 143. Architectural Design II (6)

Studio format, introductory course in architectural design which introduces students to new ways of thinking about architecture and the perception of space, three-dimensional composition, drawing, and model-making. Previous or concurrent courses in studio art and/or architectural history are recommended. Prerequisite: ARCH 43. Zaknic (ND)

ARCH 147. Building Materials and Methods (3)

The primary structural material block, wood, steel and reinforced concrete are examined in their relationship to architectural design. Peters. Prerequisite: ARCH 43 or consent of professor. Staff. (ND)

ARCH 161. (THTR 161) Theatre Design and Technology (4)

Theatre environments, equipment systems and acoustics. Functions and ethics. (HU)

ARCH 171. Special Topics in Architecture (1-4)

Directed projects for students in architecture. Student must initiate contact with sponsoring professor. Prerequisite: Major standing in department and/or permission of instructor. Staff (ND)

ARCH 174. (ART 174, CLSS 174, ANTH 174) Greek Archaeology (3)

Ancient Greek cultures from the neolithic to hellenistic periods. Reconstructions of Greek social dynamics from study of artifacts. Small (SS)

ARCH 176. (ART 176, CLSS 176, ANTH 176) Roman Archaeology (3)

Cultures of the Roman Empire. Reconstructions of social, political, and economic dynamics of the imperial system from study of artifacts. Small (SS)

ARCH 206. (ART 206) Medieval Art and Architecture (3)

Focus on art and architecture in Western Europe from 313 A.D. until ca. 1500 A.D. Topics include: the emergence of Christian art and architecture; the art of barbarian migrations; the Carolingian Renaissance; monasticism, pilgrimage and the Romanesque; the Gothic cathedral; and medieval manuscript illumination. Staff (HU)

ARCH 207. (ART 207) Renaissance Art and Architecture (3)

Survey of the art and architecture of the Italian Renaissance from its beginnings in 13th and 14th century Tuscany and its first flowering in 15th century Florence through the brilliant achievements of the masters of the High Renaissance and later 16th century. Staff (HU)

ARCH 209. Architecture and Ideas (3)

Examination of philosophical, technological, and cultural forces shaping Western architecture and urbanism. Prerequisites: ART/ARCH 1 and ARCH 2 or permission of instructor. Writing intensive. Thomas (HU)

ARCH 210. 20th-Century Architecture (3)

History and theory of modern architecture. Analysis of buildings and architects, theories and manifestoes, from industrial revolution to avant-garde movements. Prerequisite: Art 1 or ARCH 1 and another course in architectural history is recommended. Zaknic (HU)

ARCH 211. Architectural Drawing/Analysis and Expressions (3) alternate summers in Italy

This studio course is part of the Lehigh in Italy summer program and will utilize several different architectural drawing techniques to study aspects of architecture from analysis of a piazza to architecture in detail. It will employ pencil sketching, charcoal drawing, and watercolor. These drawings will act as a way of seeing the Italian urban landscape and supplement the study and analysis of the Italian architects' contemporary work. Fulfills an art studio elective requirement. Viscardi (ND)

ARCH 212. The Architecture of Carlos Scarpa/Theory and Practice (3) alternate summers in Italy

This course which is part of the Lehigh in Italy summer program will survey several of the Venetian architect's most famous works. Meet with architects who worked with Scarpa and completed his unfinished projects. Explore thematic principles behind Scarpa's work, their origin and roll in his unique process of design. Viscardi (HU)

ARCH 213. The City (3)

Historical development of the modern city. Philosophical, technological, and cultural forces shaping urban experience. Western culture beginning with the Enlightenment. Prerequisites: Art 1 or ARCH 1 and ARCH 2 or permission of instructor. Thomas (HU)

ARCH 243. Architectural Design III (6)

Continuation of ARCH 143. Design principles of space and form stressed in earlier studios to issues of “materiality,” “structure,” “modes of representation” and the “process of making.” Prerequisites: ARCH 1, 143 and one art studio. Viscardi (ND)

ARCH 253. Paris, the Planning of a Metropolis (3) alternate summers in Paris

The splendor of modern Paris is due in large part to bold, large-scale modernization and changes in the city's patterns during the 19th century. This course, which is part of the Lehigh in Paris summer program, will cover a century of change and focus on the major accomplishments of its visionary planners. Zaknic (HU)

ARCH 254. Modern Architecture in France: New Directions (3) alternate summers in Paris

The course, which is part of the Lehigh in Paris summer program, will cover the most important contributions to modern architecture in the Paris region including Centre Pompidou, Musee d'Orsay, Le Grand Louvre, Parc de la Villette, La Defense, and the new satellite towns around Paris. Zaknic (HU)

ARCH 271. Special Topics in Architecture (1-4)

Directed projects for advanced students in architecture or architectural criticism. Prerequisites: ARCH 1 and 143. Major standing in the department or consent of instructor. Student must contact sponsoring professor and complete a contract sheet at pre-registration. May be repeated for credit. Staff (ND)

ARCH 311. Portfolio (1)

The concept, layout, and preparation of a portfolio for graduate school application or employment search, including graphic techniques and reproduction method. Student must contact sponsoring professor. Prerequisite: ARCH 243. Staff (ND)

ARCH 321. Architectural Internship (1-3)

Supervised internship in architectural firm, planning or preservation office. Internship plan must be approved in writing before it is pursued. Staff (ND)

ARCH 328. Architectural Representation (3)

Studio format, instruction in rendering media such as graphite, charcoal, color pencil, water color and pastel and a variety of three-dimensional drawing techniques. Intended for architectural students who have mastered orthographic drawing (plan, elevation, section). The origin, history, and theory of three-dimensional drawing techniques will also be studied. Prerequisite: ARCH 243. Ussler (ND)

ARCH 342. Theory of Architecture (3)

Study of the genesis of form, its representation and its interrelationship to related artistic disciplines. Formal notions will be studied, compared and manipulated through the role of time, scale, perceptual analysis and material transformation. Permission of instructor required. Viscardi (ND)

ARCH 343. Architectural Design IV (6)

Continuation of ARCH 243. The design of buildings and building groups, with the emphasis on urban design and the city. Prerequisite: ARCH 1/ART 1, 243, one art studio, and a 200-level Architecture History class recommended. Ussler (ND)

ARCH 345. Architectural Design V (3)

Undergraduate thesis. An individual design project exploring, with faculty approval, some aspect of architecture of interest to the student. Prerequisite: Architectural Design I-IV; all other courses required for major, previously or concurrently. Staff (ND)

ARCH 367. Modernism to Postmodernism (3)

Re-examine the central issues facing the great masters of twentieth-century architecture: how they formulated their principles, how they applied them, and how those who inherited the legacy have interpreted it. The major attention will focus on either the great master builders such as Le Corbusier, Mies vander Rohe, Frank Lloyd Wright and Walter Gropius, or on second generation including the transitional figures such as Philip Johnson and other groups: The Whites, Greys, High-Tech, etc. Prerequisite: Art I/ARCH I or Art 2/ARCH 2 and ARCH 210. Zaknic (HU)

ARCH 388. Advanced Architectural Design (3) spring

Intensive design projects under a sequence of visiting design instructors. Prerequisites: ARCH 210, 243 and consent of the instructor. Zaknic (ND)

Arts and Sciences

ARTS 1-9. Choices and Decisions (1)

Introduction to decision making with emphasis on curriculum, career planning, and social options. Techniques for using values, family history, and social norms as guidelines for decision-making processes. Pass-fail grading.

ARTS 65. Interpersonal Communication in a Changing World (3)
This course helps develop a better understanding of how we communicate with others, verbally and non-verbally, individually and in groups; and how communications affects how we develop our own concept of who we are. The course examines critical thinking and how it relates to the communications process. The concepts of stigma and prejudice are examined in the context of interpersonal communications. This is a first-year class, open to freshman only. (ND)

ARTS 250. Communications, Cultures, Behaviors and Attitudes (4)
Writing intensive experiential focus on communications, development of social roles and life skills required for effective functioning in a diverse society in America and globally. Models of group processes; small group projects; communications; critical thinking and its application to course content; cognitive processes in handling individual differences in race, gender, class, religions around the globe, disabilities, sexual harassment, sexual orientation, and cultures; synthesis of class experiences with reading, discussion and writing; and social role implications on choices. The course will examine the impact of educational, economic and political systems on society. Solutions to diverse problems are explored. Students may not receive credit for both Arts 250 and Comm 65. (ND)

ARTS 251. Fieldwork (1)
Structured fieldwork for students who have previously taken Arts 250. From the list of topics studied in Arts 250, students will select a focus area and develop an action plan for implementing change. Students will be required to provide regular written and oral reports of activity. A major final project synthesizing the semester's activity will be required. This is for students who have taken Arts 250 and instructor's consent. (ND)