An interdepartmental B.S. biochemistry major is offered in the College of Arts and Sciences. The B.S. in biochemistry degree is managed by an interdepartmental committee composed of biochemists, bioorganic chemists, and molecular/cellular biologists. The committee administers the degree, monitors the academic program, provides research possibilities, and advises student majors. The director of the program is currently Linda J. Lowe-Krentz. Faculty in both Biological Sciences (Lowe-Krentz and Iovine) and Chemistry (Schray) serve as advisors. Majors should be declared in Biological Sciences.
Bachelor of Science Degree in Biochemistry
I. College and University Requirements (26)
a. |
ENGL 1, 2 (6) |
|
b. |
ARTS 1 (1) |
|
c. |
First Year Seminar (3) |
|
d. |
Non-science electives: 16 hours to be broadly distributed in fields of thought other than natural science and mathematics, including at least 8 hours each in humanities and social sciences. |
II. Collateral Science Requirements (at least 24)
a. |
Physics 10, 12, 13, 22 (or 11, 12, 21, 22) (9 or 10) |
|
b. |
Mathematics 51,52,43 (or 21, 22, 23) and a statistics course (at least 12) |
|
c. |
Survey of Computer Science 12 or Engineering 1 (3) |
III. Required Chemistry Courses (25)
a. |
Introductory Chemistry 75, 76 (8*) |
|
b. |
Organic Chemistry 51, 52, 53, 58 (8) |
|
c. |
Inorganic Chemistry 307 (3) |
|
d. |
Physical Chemistry 194 (3) |
|
e. |
Analytical Chemistry 332 (3) |
*The Chemistry 25/31 sequence may be substituted.
IV. Required Biological Science courses (25)
a. |
Biology Core I: Cellular and Molecular and Laboratory 41, 42 (4) |
|
b. |
Biology Core II: Genetics 115 (3) |
|
c. |
Biochemistry 371, 372, 377 (9) |
|
d. |
Advanced Laboratory (4) |
|
e. |
Electives in Biological Sciences (3 hours minimum*) |
|
f. |
Technical Writing ( 2 hours minimum) |
*The three credit hours of biological sciences electives are chosen with the approval of the adviser.
Model Pattern Roster
freshman year
CHM 75,76 |
Concepts, Models, and Experiments I and II (8) |
BIOS 41,42 |
Biology Core I: Cell and Molecular and Laboratory (4) |
MATH 51,52 |
Survey of Calculus I and II (7) or |
MATH 21,22 |
Calculus I and II (8) |
Dept 90 |
College Seminar (3) |
ARTS 1 |
Choices & Decisions (1) |
ENGL 1,2 |
Composition and Literature (6) |
PHY 10,12 |
General Physics I and Laboratory (5) or |
PHY 11, 12 |
Introductory Physics I and Laboratory (5) |
sophomore year
CHM 51, 52, 53, 58 |
Organic Chemistry and Laboratory (8) |
PHY 13, 22 |
General Physics II and Laboratory (4) or |
PHY 21, 22 |
Introductory Phys. II and Laboratory |
MATH 43 |
Linear Algebra (3) or |
MATH 23 |
Calculus III |
BIOS 130 |
BioStatistics* |
BIOS 115 |
Biology Core II: Genetics |
*A statistics course from the MATH department could also fulfill the statistics requirement
junior year
CHM 194 |
Physical Chemistry for Biological Sciences (3) |
CHM 332 |
Analytical Chemistry (3) |
BIOS 371,372 |
Elem. of Biochemistry I and II (6) |
BIOS 377 |
Biochem. Lab (3) |
CSE 12 |
Survey of Computer Science (3) |
Technical Writing (2) |
senior year
BIOS |
Advanced laboratory course(s) |
BIOS |
elective |
CHM 307 |
Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (3) |
Professor Anand Jagota, Director, Department of Chemical Engineering at 610-758-4396 or anj6@lehigh.edu
Professor H.D. Ou-Yang, Associate Director, Department of Physics at 610-758-3920 or hdo0@lehigh.edu
Program Associated Professors: Derick Brown, Ph.D. (Princeton), Civil and Environmental Engineering; Maria Bykhovskaia, Ph.D. (Russian Academy of Sciences), Biological Sciences; Lynne Cassimeris, Ph.D. (North Carolina), Biological Sciences; Manoj Chaudhury, Ph.D. (SUNY Buffalo), Chemical Engineering; Volkmar Dierolf, Ph.D. (Utah), Physics; Samir Ghadiali, Ph.D. (Tulane), Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics; Miltiadis Hatalis, Ph.D. (Carnegie Mellon), Electrical Engineering; James T. Hsu, Ph.D. (Northwestern), Chemical Engineering; Mary Katherine Iovine, Ph.D. (Washington, St. Louis), Biological Sciences; Anand Jagota, Ph.D. (Cornell), Chemical Engineering; Himanshu Jain, Eng.Sc.D. (Columbia), Materials Science and Engineering; Ian Laurenzi, Ph.D. (University of Pennsylvania) Chemical Engineering; Daniel Lopresti, Ph.D. (Princeton), Computer Science; Linda Lowe-Krentz, Ph.D. (Northwestern), Biological Sciences; A.J. McHugh, Ph.D. (Delaware) Chemical Engineering; Wojciech Z. Misiolek, Ph.D. (Poland), Materials Science and Engineering; Sudhakar Neti, Ph.D. (Kentucky), Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics; Karl Norian, Ph.D. (Imperial College, London), Electrical and Computer Engineering; John Ochs, Ph.D. (Pennsylvania State) Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics; Boon-Siew Ooi, Ph.D. (Glasgow, United Kingdom), Electrical and Computer Engineering; H. Daniel Ou-Yang, Ph.D. (UCLA) Physics; Padma Rajagopalan, Ph.D. (Brown), Chemical Engineering; Svetlana Tatic-Lucic, Ph.D. (California Institute of Technology), Electrical and Computer Engineering; Arkady S. Voloshin, Ph.D. (Tel-Aviv University, Israel), Mechanical Engineering and Experimental Mechanics; Marvin H. White, Ph.D. (Ohio State) Electrical Engineering.
The mission of the Bioengineering Program is to prepare undergraduate students to be critical thinkers, problem solvers, innovators, leaders, and life-long learners who can make a positive impact at the interfaces among the physical and life sciences, and engineering.
To achieve its educational mission, the Bioengineering Program has established the following set of Program Educational Objectives. Graduates of our program will be able to:
The B.S. in Bioengineering degree provides a structured curriculum comprised of three tracks. Biopharmaceutical Engineering is for students whose interests lie in genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, recombinant DNA, protein engineering, bioprocessing, drug synthesis and delivery. The Bioelectronics/photonics track covers education and research dealing with signal processing, biosensors, MEMs, biochips for DNA sequencing, laser and fiber based optical technology for biomedical applications. Cell and Tissue Engineering encompasses biomaterials and biomechanics, from cells and tissue to organs and systems.
The B.S. in Bioengineering will prepare students for careers in established and emerging fields that require combining engineering principles with the life sciences. Potential paths open to students include the health care, biomedical, pharmaceutical, biomaterials, and other biotechnology-related industries through careers in medicine or graduate studies.
An integral part of the program is Longitudinally Integrated Experiential Learning (LIEL). LIEL facilitates research and direct interaction with industry and clinical partners. It is intended to teach the value of a team approach to problem solving, including two summers of internships at relevant sites. As part of the curriculum, students also are encouraged to participate in Lehigh's Integrated Product Development (IPD) program.
The College of Arts and Sciences offers a program in Applied Life Sciences that provides a complementary flexible curriculum for students interested in bridging life sciences with other disciplines in the liberal arts framework. Please consult the catalog under Applied Life Sciences for more details.
The courses listed are offered in the program and new ones are currently under development in a number of subject areas. (Consult the Registrar's Schedule of classes for specific offerings in any particular semester.)
General Requirements (27 credits)
Electives to satisfy HSS requirements (6)
Mathematics (18 credits)
Physics (10 credits)
Biological Sciences (8 credits)
Engineering (12-15 credits) (require four out of the following six categories)
Suggested courses for each track to meet educational goals particular to that track:
Biopharmaceutical Engineering Track - (14 credits)
If ChE 210 is taken, then ChE 211 is recommended instead of Chm 187 (and satisfies that Chemistry requirement).
Bioelectronic/Biophotonics Track - (13 credits)
Cell and Tissue Engineering Track - (12 credits)
General Requirements
Free Electives (6)
Integrated Bioengineering (9 credits)
Required by all Three Tracks
Biopharmaceutical Engineering Track
Required courses
Recommended electives (minimum of 6 credits)
Bioelectronics/Biophotonics Engineering Track
Required courses
Recommended electives (minimum of 6 credits)
Cell and Tissue Engineering Track
Required courses
Recommended electives (minimum of 6 credits)
Longitudinally Integrated Experiential Learning (11 credits)
One of the following three
One of the following three
Typical four-year course schedule for BS in Bioengineering
Freshman year, first semester (same for all three tracks) (16 credits)
Freshman year, second semester (same for the three tracks) (17 credits)
Biopharmaceutical Engineering Track
Sophomore year first semester (19 credits)
Sophomore year second semester (15 credits)
Summer 1 Internship 1 (0)
Junior year, first semester (15-16)
Junior year, second semester (18-19 credits)
Summer 2 Internship 2 (0)
Senior year, first semester (14 credits)
Senior year, second semester (14-16 credits)
Bioelectronics/Biophotonics Track
Sophomore year, first semester (17 credits)
Sophomore year, second semester (18 credits)
Summer 1 Internship (0)
Junior year, first semester (17-18 credits)
Junior year, second semester (17-18 credits)
Summer 2 Internship (0)
Senior year, first semester (12 credits)
Senior year, second semester (14-16 credits)
Cell and Tissue Engineering Track
Sophomore year, first semester (17 credits)
Sophomore year, second semester (16 credits)
Summer 1 Internship (0)
Junior year, first semester (16-17 credits)
Junior year, second semester (17-18 credits)
Summer 2 Internship (0)
Senior year, first semester (15 credits)
Senior year, second semester (14-16 credits)
BioE 1. Freshman Seminar 1, Introduction to Bioengineering 1: Philosophy to Practice (1) fall
Overview of the bioengineering field, the advancements of related topics in sciences, technology, engineering and applications for health care and medicine. Humanity and ethical issues.
BioE 2. Freshman Seminar 2, Introduction to Bioengineering II: Current Topics (1) spring
Overview of a broad spectrum of current topical areas in biotechnology and bioengineering and their applications in health care and medicine.
BioE 10. Bioengineering Sophomore Seminar I: Literature Research (1) fall
Literature research on current bioengineering and biotechnology topics to assemble information for producing a written research proposal.
BioE 20. Bioengineering Sophomore Seminar II: Research Proposal (1) spring
Prepare written research proposals for research projects. Define research topics, objectives of the research, specific goals, methodology, research plans and expected impact of the research.
BioE 110. Elements of Bioengineering (4) spring
An introduction to the fields of biotechnology and biomedical engineering. The areas include biomechanics, biomaterials, bioinstrumentation, medical imaging, rehabilitation engineering, biosensors, biotechnology and tissue engineering.
BioE 120/121. Biomechanics and Biomechanics Laboratory (3/1) fall
Applications of mechanics to study behavior of anatomical structures and biological tissues of the musculoskeletal system. Specific topics include structure and function of biological tissues, mechanical properties of biological tissues, and analysis of specific tissues (i.e. bone, muscle, and soft connective tissues) Co-prerequisite MECH 2.
BioE 132. Bioengineering Research 1 (2) fall
Research on a topic chosen by students, with the help of a faculty advisor from among the three bioengineering tracks (biopharmaceutical engineering, bioelectronic/biophotonics or cell and tissue engineering). Independent meetings with advising professor will track progress. Includes written report and oral presentation. Prerequisite junior standing and permission of instructor.
BioE 142. Bioengineering Research 2 (2) spring
Continuation of research initiated in BioE 132, Research 1. Topic chosen by student, with the help of a faculty advisor from among the three bioengineering tracks (biopharmaceutical engineering, bioelectronic/biophotonics or cell and tissue engineering). Independent meetings with advising professor will track progress. Includes written report and oral presentation. Prerequisite BioE 132 or permission of instructor.
BioE 210. Introduction to Engineering Physiology (4) spring
Mammalian physiology for bioengineering students, with an emphasis on control mechanisms and engineering principles. Basic cell function; biological control systems; muscle; neural; endocrine, circulatory, digestive, respiratory, renal, and reproductive systems; regulation of metabolism and defense mechanisms. Includes laboratory work. Prerequisite BioE 110.
BioE 225. Bioengineering Design (3) spring
Bioengineering design, including examples of engineering analysis and design applied to representative topics in biomechanics, bioinstrumentation, biomaterials, biotechnology and related areas. Technological needs, design methodology, testing procedures, statistical analysis, governmental regulation, evaluation of costs and benefits, quality of life and ethical issues. Prerequisite BioE 110.
BioE 242. Bioengineering Research 3 (2) fall
Continuation of research initiated in BioE 132 and 142. Topic chosen by student, with a faculty advisor from among the three bioengineering tracks (biopharmaceutical engineering, bioelectronic/biophotonics or cell and tissue engineering). Written and oral reports approved by research advising professor will track progress. Prerequisite BioE 142 or permission of instructor.
BioE 290. Bioengineering Thesis (1-3) spring
Thesis, guided by a faculty advisor, based on work conducted in BioE 132, 142, 242, or in ENG 211, 212. Includes written report and oral presentation. Prerequisite BioE 242 or ENG 212 or permission of instructor.
BioE 331. Integrated Bioelectronics Laboratory (2) spring
Experiments in design and analysis of bioelectronic circuits, micropattering of biological cells, micromanipulation of biological cells using electric fields, analysis of pacemakers, instrumentation and computer interfaces, ultrasound, optic, laser tweezers and advanced imaging and optical microscopy techniques for biological applications, Prerequisites Phy 13/22 or Phy 21/22 and ECE 81 or Phy 190, or permission of instructor.
BioE 343. Integrated Biotechnology Laboratory (3) fall and spring
Biosafety, sterilization, media formulation, biochemical and enzyme assays, recombinant DNA technique, protein and DNA isolation and purification, for microbial fermentation and animal cell culture. Integration of biotechnology techniques for biopharmaceutical production. Prerequisite BioE 110, ChE 341, and permission of instructor.
BioE 350. Special Topics (1-4) spring
Special topics of study in bioengineering. Permission of Instructor.
BioE 357. Integrated Biostructural Mechanics Laboratory (2) fall
Basic concepts of bioengineering design through experimental designs and procedures involving cells and tissues and their interface with synthetic implants. Experimental techniques include surface characterization and interactions, spectroscopy, and advanced techniques in microscopy. Nerve action, electrocardiography, mechanics of muscle, membranes and other model systems in vitro. Prerequisite BioE 110, and permission of instructor.
Professors. Jeffrey A. Sands, Ph.D. (Penn State), Chairperson; Linda J. Lowe-Krentz, Ph.D. (Northwestern), Associate Chairperson; Barry Bean, Ph.D. (Rockefeller); Michael J. Behe, Ph.D. (Pennsylvania); Lynne Cassimeris, Ph.D. (North Carolina); David Cundall, Ph.D. (Arkansas); Murray Itzkowitz, Ph.D. (Maryland); John Nyby, Ph.D. (Texas); Jill Schneider, Ph.D. (Wesleyan); Neal Simon, Ph.D. (Rutgers).
Associate Professors. Michael R. Kuchka, Ph.D. (Carnegie Mellon); Colin J. Saldanha, Ph.D. (Columbia) Robert V. Skibbens, Ph.D. (North Carolina); Jennifer Swann, Ph.D. (Northwestern); Vassie C. Ware, Ph.D. (Yale).
Assistant Professors. Michael Burger, Ph.D. (Texas); Maria Bykhovskaia, Ph.D. (Russian Academy of Sciences); Matthias Falk, Ph.D. (Heidelberg); Mary Kathryn Iovine, Ph.D. (Washington); Stefan Maas, Ph.D. (Heidelberg); Sean P. Mullen, Ph.D. (Cornell).
Professor of Practive. Jutta Marzillier, Ph.D. (Heidelberg).
The biological sciences include the study of living systems at levels ranging from the structure and function of molecules to the behavior and evolution of communities of organisms. The department offers four different routes to mastering skills and knowledge in this broad area. The B.A. and B.S. programs in biology provide a broad introduction to biology with opportunities for students to create a program of study suited to their specific interests. Programs of study focused on particular aspects of biology are the B.A. and B.S. degree in the areas of behavioral neuroscience and molecular biology. For programs in biochemistry, bioengineering and applied life sciences, see those separate sections in the catalog.
The Department of Biological Sciences strongly supports the positions of both the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the National Academy of Sciences that intelligent design is not scientific and should not be presented as science in science classes.
The requirements for the B.A. and B.S. in biology, behavioral neuroscience, and molecular biology are listed below. Research interests of the faculty and instrumentation are described in the section on graduate education.
B.A. with Major in Biology
College and university requirements for all majors (26 credit hours)
ENGL 1, 2 |
Composition and Literature (6) |
ARTS 1 |
Choices and Decisions (1) |
First Year Seminar (3) |
|
Social Sciences (8) |
|
Humanities (8) |
Biology (30 credit hours)
BIOS 41 |
Biology Core I: Cellular and Molecular (3) |
BIOS 42 |
Biology Core I: Cellular and Molecular Laboratory (1) |
BIOS 115 |
Biology Core II: Genetics (3) |
BIOS 116 |
Biology Core II: Genetics Laboratory (1) |
BIOS 120 |
Biology Core III: Integrative and Comparative (4) |
Electives |
*Biology electives |
*Approved electives (18 credit hours, no more than 3 cr. from the following courses: 161, 261, 262, 391,393, College scholar project, not BIOS 130).
Mathematics (7-8 credit hours)
MATH 51 |
Survey of Calculus I (4) |
MATH 52 |
Survey of Calculus II (3) or |
MATH 12 |
Basic Statistics (4) or |
BIOS 130 |
BioStatistics (4) |
Collateral Sciences (12 credit hours)
CHM 25 |
Introduction to Chemical Principles (4) |
CHM 51,53 |
Organic Chemistry I and lab (3,1) |
CHM 52,58 |
Organic Chemistry II and lab (3,1) |
The B.S. in Biology
The bachelor of science in biology offers broad scientific preparation in biology to facilitate advanced work in the life sciences. Progression through the program is best served through early commitment.
Requirements for the B.S. in Biology
College and university requirements as above (26 credit hours)
Major Program (76 credit hours)
Biology (37 credit hours)
BIOS 41 |
Biology Core I: Cellular and Molecular (3) |
BIOS 42 |
Biology Core I: Cellular and Molecular Lab (1) |
BIOS 115 |
Biology Core II: Genetics (3) |
BIOS 116 |
Biology Core II: Genetics Laboratory (1) |
BIOS 120 |
Biology Core III: Integrative and Comparative (4) |
BIOS 317 |
Evolution (3) |
Electives* |
Biology electives (22) |
*Biology electives must include one course from list A, one course from list B and at least four credits of laboratory experience (e.g. two 2 credit laboratory courses). These will be chosen in consultation with the major advisor.
List A
BIOS 276 |
Behavioral Neuroscience II (3) |
BIOS 313 |
Vertebrate Histology (4) |
BIOS 314 |
Vertebrate Development (3) |
BIOS 335 |
Animal Behavior (3) |
BIOS 337 |
Behavioral Ecology (3) |
BIOS 382 |
Endocrinology of Behavior (3) |
List B
BIOS 324 |
Bacteriology (3) |
BIOS 345 |
Molecular Genetics (3) |
BIOS 353 |
Virology (3) |
BIOS 356 |
Human Genetics and Reproduction (3) |
BIOS 367 |
Cell Biology (3) |
BIOS 371 |
Elements of Biochemistry I (3) |
Mathematics (14 credit hours minimum)
either
Math 51, 52 |
Survey of Calculus I, II and |
or |
|
Math 21, 22, 23 |
Calculus I, II, III (12) and |
Collateral Sciences (25 credit hours)
CHM 25,31, or 75,76 |
Introductory Chemistry I and II (8) |
CHM 51, 52 |
Organic Chemistry I and II (6) |
CHM 53, 58 |
Organic Chemistry Laboratory I and II (2) |
PHY 10 |
General Physics I (4) or |
PHY 11 |
Introductory Physics I (4) |
PHY 12 |
Introductory Physics Laboratory I (1) |
PHY 13 |
General Physics II (3) |
PHY 22 |
Physics Lab II (1) |
Recommended B.S. Biology Sequence
freshman year
BIOS 41 |
Biology Core I: Cellular and Molecular (3) |
BIOS 42 |
Biology Core I: Cellular and Molecular Laboratory (1) |
MATH 51, 52 |
Survey of Calculus I and II (7) |
CHM 25, 31 |
Introductory Chemistry I and II (8) |
Dept 90 |
First Year Seminar (3) |
ARTS 1 |
Choices & Decisions (1) |
sophomore year
BIOS 115 |
Biology Core II: Genetics (3) |
BIOS 116 |
Biology Core II: Genetics Laboratory (1) |
CHM 51, 52,53, 58 |
Organic Chemistry and Laboratory (8) |
MATH 43 |
Survey of Linear Algebra |
BIOS 120 |
Biology Core III: Integrative and Comparative(4) |
BIOS 130 |
BioStatistics (4) |
junior year
PHY 10, 12 |
General Physics I and Laboratory (5) |
PHY 13, 22 |
General Physics II and Laboratory (4) |
Approved biology electives including one from list A and one from list B (9-12)
senior year
BIOS 317 |
Evolution (3) |
Electives |
Biology electives including at least 4 credits of laboratory (10-14) |
Minor in Biology
A minor in biology may be achieved by completing the following requirements (18 credits):
BIOS 41, 42 |
Biology Core I: Cellular and Molecular and Laboratory (4) |
BIOS 115, 116 |
Biology Core II: Genetics and Laboratory (4) |
BIOS 120 |
Biology Core III: Integrative and Comparative (4) or |
BIOS 177 |
Behavioral Neuroscience I (3) |
CHM 51 |
Organic Chemistry (3) |
Elective |
Biology electives at the 200 or 300 level (3 or 4) |
B.A. with major in Behavioral Neuroscience
The B.A. in Behavioral Neuroscience is a natural science major for B.A. distribution purposes.
Required Major Courses
BIOS 41 |
Biology Core I: Cellular and Molecular (3) |
BIOS 42 |
Biology Core I: Cellular and Molecular Laboratory (1) |
BIOS 115 |
Biology Core II: Genetics (3) |
BIOS 116 |
Biology Core II: Genetics Laboratory (1) |
BIOS 120 |
Biology Core III: Integrative and Comparative (4) |
BIOS 130 |
BioStatistics (4) |
BIOS 177 |
Behavioral Neuroscience I (3) |
BIOS 276 |
Behavioral Neuroscience II (3) |
BIOS 277 |
Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (2) |
BIOS 382 |
Endocrinology of Behavior (3) |
Major Electives (6 credits)
BIOS 234 |
Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy (4) |
BIOS 307 |
Male Reproductive Biology (3) |
BIOS 313 |
Vertebrate Histology (4) |
BIOS 314 |
Vertebrate Development (3) |
BIOS 317 |
Evolution (3) |
BIOS 324 |
Bacteriology (3) |
BIOS 328 |
Immunology (3) |
BIOS 335 |
Animal Behavior (3) |
BIOS 337 |
Behavioral Ecology (3) |
BIOS 345 |
Molecular Genetics (3) |
BIOS 353 |
Virology (3) |
BIOS 356 |
Human Genetics and Reproduction (3) |
BIOS 365 |
Neurobiology of Sensory Systems (3) |
BIOS 367 |
Cell Biology (3) |
BIOS 368 |
Cell Biology Laboratory (2) |
BIOS 369 |
Comparative Physiology of Vertebrate Systems (3) |
BIOS 371 |
Elements of Biochemistry I (3) |
BIOS 372 |
Elements of Biochemistry II (3) |
BIOS 376 |
Classical and Molecular Embryology (3) |
BIOS 377 |
Biochemistry Laboratory (3) |
BIOS 384 |
Eukaryodic Signal Transduction (3) |
BIOS 385 |
Neurophysiology and Memory (3) |
PSYC 117 |
Cognitive Psychology (3) |
PSYC 153 |
Personality (4) |
PSYC 154 |
Introduction to Clinical Psychology (3) |
PSYC 176 |
Mind and Brain (4) |
PSYC 305 |
Abnormal Psychology (4) |
PSYC 307 |
Seminar in Cognition (4) |
Required Collateral Courses
MATH 51, 52 |
Survey of Calculus I and II (7) or |
MATH 21, 22 |
Calculus I and II (8) |
CHM 25 |
Introduction to Chemical Principles (4) |
CHM 51, 52 |
Organic Chemistry (6) |
CHM 53, 58 |
Organic Chemistry Laboratory I and II (2) |
PSYC 1 |
Introduction to Psychology (4) |
Other Options
The B.A. in Behavioral Neuroscience is a traditional liberal arts degree that can be structured for a wide variety of possibilities (see listing of recommended elective courses). By using free electives to take additional science, the B.A. also can serve as a preprofessional degree for many graduate and professional schools. Students interested in a particular career-based program should consult their advisor or the program director, Professor John Nyby.
B.S. in Behavioral Neuroscience
B.S. majors are required to take the core courses of the B.A. program and to fulfill the elective requirements of the B.A. program. An early commitment to the B.S. is desirable to meet all the requirements of this program. Additional requirements are shown below.
Additional Biological Sciences Requirements for the B.S.
BIOS 371, 372 |
Elements of Biochemistry I & II (6) |
BIOS 365 |
Neurobiology of Sensory Systems (3) or |
BIOS 385 |
Neurophysiology and Memory (3) and |
BIOS 234 |
Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy (4) or |
BIOS 377 |
Biochemistry Laboratory (3) or |
BIOS 368 |
Cell Biology Laboratory (2). If this course is elected, Cell Biology BIOS 367 must be taken as an elective |
Math and Science Requirements for the B.S.
MATH 51, 52, 43 |
Survey of Calculus I, II and Linear Algebra (10) |
CHM 25 |
Introduction to Chemical Principles (4) |
CHM 31 |
Chemical Equilibria in Aqueous Systems (4) |
CHM 51, 52 |
Organic Chemistry I and II (6) |
CHM 53, 58 |
Organic Chemistry Laboratory (2) |
PHY 10, 12 |
General Physics I and Laboratory (5) or |
PHY 11, 12 |
Introductory Physics I and Laboratory (5) |
PHY 13, 22 |
General Physics II and Laboratory (4) or |
PHY 21, 22 |
Introductory Physics II and Laboratory (5) |
PSYC 1 |
Introduction Psychology (4) |
B.A. with major in Molecular Biology
Requirements for the B.A. in Molecular Biology
College and university requirements (see above).
Biology (30 credit hours)
BIOS 41, 42 |
Biology Core I: Cellular and Molecular (3) and Lab (1) |
BIOS 115, 116 |
Biology Core II: Genetics (3) and Lab (1) |
BIOS 120 |
Biology Core III: Integrative and Comparative (4) |
BIOS 324 |
Bacteriology (3) or |
BIOS 328 |
Immunology (3) or |
BIOS 353 |
Virology (3) |
BIOS 325 |
Bacteriology Lab (2) or |
BIOS 368 |
Cell Biology Lab (2) or |
BIOS 377 |
Biochemistry Lab (3) |
BIOS 371 |
Elements of Biochemistry I (3) |
BIOS 345, 346 |
Molecular Genetics (3) and Lab (2) |
BIOS 367 |
Cell Biology (3) |
BIOS |
approved electives (6 credit hours) |
Mathematics (8-10 credit hours)
MATH 21 and 22 |
Calculus I & II (8) or |
MATH 51, 52, & 43 |
Survey of Calculus I & II, and Linear Algebra (10) |
Chemistry (16 credit hours)
CHM 25 |
Introduction to Chemical Principles (4) |
CHM 31 |
Chemical Equilibria in Aqueous Systems (4) |
CHM 51, 52, 53, 58 |
Organic Chemistry I, II and Lab I & II (8) |
Physics (9 credit hours)
PHY 10, 12 |
General Physics I and Lab I (5) or |
PHY 11, 12 |
Introductory Physics I and Lab (5) |
PHY 13, 22 |
General Physics II and Lab (4) |
The B.S. in Molecular Biology
Requirements for the B.S. in Molecular Biology
Major Program (81 credit hours)
Mathematics (12 credit hours)
MATH 21, 22, 23 Calculus I, II and III (12 credit total) or
MATH 51, 52, 43 and one of MATH 12, or 231 or BIOS 130 (13-14, credit total)
Chemistry (16 credit hours)
CHM 25 |
Introduction to Chemical Principles (4) |
CHM 31 |
Chemical Equilibria in Aqueous Systems (4) |
CHM 51, 52 |
Organic Chemistry I and II (6) |
CHM 53, 58 |
Organic Chemistry Laboratory (2) |
Physics (9-10 credit hours)
PHY 10 (or 11) |
General Physics I (4) |
PHY 12 |
Introductory Physics Laboratory I (1) |
PHY 13 (or 21) |
General Physics II (3 or 4) |
PHY 22 |
Physics Lab II (1) |
Molecular Biology (46 credit hours)
BIOS 41 |
Biology Core I: Cellular and Molecular (3) |
BIOS 42 |
Biology Core I: Cellular and Molecular Lab (1) |
BIOS 115 |
Biology Core II: Genetics (3) |
BIOS 116 |
Biology Core II: Genetics Laboratory (1) |
BIOS 120 |
Biology Core III: Integrative and Comparative (4) |
BIOS 324 |
Bacteriology (3) or |
BIOS 328 |
Immunology (3) or |
BIOS 353 |
Virology (3) |
BIOS 325 |
Bacteriology Laboratory (2) or |
BIOS 368 |
Cell Biology Laboratory (2) or |
BIOS 377 |
Biochemistry Laboratory (3) |
BIOS 345 |
Molecular Genetics (3) |
BIOS 346 |
Molecular Genetics Laboratory (2) |
BIOS 367 |
Cell Biology (3) |
BIOS 371 |
Elements of Biochemistry I (3) |
BIOS 372 |
Elements of Biochemistry II (3) |
BIOS 381 |
Physical Biochemistry (3) |
Approved Molecular Biology Electives (12)
Recommended sequence for the B.S. in Molecular Biology
freshman year
BIOS 41 |
Biology Core I: Cellular and Molecular (3) |
BIOS 42 |
Biology Core I: Cellular and Molecular Laboratory (1) |
MATH 21, 22 |
Calculus I and II (8) |
CHM 25 |
Introduction to Chemical Principles (4) |
CHM 31 |
Chemical Equilibria in Aqueous Systems (4) |
sophomore year
BIOS 115 |
Biology Core II: Genetics (3) |
BIOS 116 |
Biology Core II: Genetics Laboratory (1) |
BIOS 120 |
Biology Core III: Integrative and Comparative (4) |
MATH 23 |
Calculus III (4) |
CHM 51, 52 |
Organic Chemistry (6) |
CHM 53, 58 |
Organic Chemistry Laboratory (2) |
PHY 10, 12 |
General Physics I and Lab (5) |
PHY 13, 22 |
General Physics II and Laboratory (4) |
junior year and senior year
BIOS 324 |
Bacteriology (3) or |
BIOS 328 |
Immunology (3) or |
BIOS 353 |
Virology (3) |
BIOS 325 |
Bacteriology Laboratory (2) or |
BIOS 368 |
Cell Biology Laboratory (2) or |
BIOS 377 |
Biochemistry Laboratory (3) |
BIOS 345 |
Molecular Genetics (3) |
BIOS 346 |
Molecular Genetics Laboratory (2) |
BIOS 371, 372 |
Elements of Biochemistry I and II (6) |
BIOS 367 |
Cell Biology (3) |
BIOS 381 |
Physical Biochemistry (3) |
Approved Molecular Biology Electives (12)
Molecular Biology Minor
The molecular biology minor program consists of BIOS 41 (3), 42 (1), 115 (3), 116 (1), 345 (3), 346 (2), and a minimum of 4 additional credits of BIOS coursework at the 200 or 300 level. Collateral coursework must include: MATH 51 or 21 (4), CHM 25 (4), and CHM 51 (3).
Departmental Honors
A student may apply for admission to the departmental honors program through a potential thesis advisor. Requirements for Departmental Honors include a major GPA of 3.25 and at least 2 semesters of research for a minimum of 6 cr. The student must write a research proposal for their project and a thesis at the conclusion of their research. This work must be presented in a symposium at the end of the project. Students must meet regularly to discuss their research progress in BIOS 387 and BIOS 388 to facilitate progress in the research project.
Courses with numbers below 010 are intended for non-majors and may not be used to satisfy any life science major or minor requirement.
BIOS 1. Biology for Non-Majors (3 or 4)
Basic and applied biology for non-science majors. May not be used in satisfaction of life science major or minor programs. Focus of topics at the discretion of the instructor. May be taught with (4 credits) or without (3 credits) a laboratory. (NS)
BIOS 7. Human Reproduction (3)
Basic and applied human reproductive biology for non- science majors. May not be used in life science major or minor programs. (NS)
BIOS 8. Drugs and Behavior (3)
Basic principles of drug action in the central nervous system. Effects of stimulants, depressants, intoxicants and drug abuse on behavioral function. Clinical use of drugs in the treatment of various psychological and psychiatric disorders. (NS)
BIOS 9. Anatomy and Physiology (4)
Introduction to the structure and function of the major systems of the body. (NS)
BIOS 41. Biology Core I: Cellular and Molecular (3)
Basic building blocks and higher-order structures required for cellular processes. Topics include the character of membranes, the molecular/cellular basis of energy production, cell cycle progression, DNA replication, gene expression, signal transduction, and cell division. Pre- or co-requisite: CHEM 25 or 75. (NS)
BIOS 42. Biology Core I: Cellular and Molecular Lab (3)
Experiments, observations, and discussions related to the principal topics covered in BIOS 41. Corequisite: BIOS 41.
BIOS 115. Biology Core II: Genetics (3)
The structure, function, and continuity of hereditary information. Classical genetic analysis. Molecular biology of genes and genomes. Population genetics and evolution. Genetics of complex traits. Prerequisite: BIOS 41. (NS)
BIOS 116. Biology Core II: Genetics Laboratory (1)
Laboratory work that demonstrates major principles of genetics: included are experiments on microorganisms and the common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Prerequisite: BIOS 115, preferably concurrently.
BIOS 120. Biology Core III: Integrative and Comparative (4)
Experimental and historical approaches to the analysis of structural and functional properties in organisms. Use of scientific method to study species diversity. Introduction to the analysis of organismal attributes that explain behavioral repertoire and ecological relationships. Prerequisites: BIOS 115, 116 (NS).
BIOS 130. BioStatistics (4)
Elements of statistics and probability theory with emphasis on biological applications. Statistical analysis of experimental and observational data. Prerequisite: BIOS 41 and MATH 52 or MATH 22 (ND)
BIOS 161. Supervised Research (1-3) fall-spring
Apprenticeship in ongoing faculty research program. Literature review, experimental design, data collection and analysis, and professional writing under faculty sponsor supervision. May be repeated but only 3 credits can be counted toward any life science major. Prerequisite: BIOS 41 and consent of instructor. (ND)
BIOS 177. Behavioral Neuroscience I (3)
Nervous system functioning with varying emphasis on neurophysiology, neuroanatomy, behavior genetics, information transmission, research techniques, sensory and motor functions. Prerequisite: BIOS 41. (NS)
BIOS 202. Biomedical Externship (1-3)
Analysis of individualized experiences at external biomedical clinical or research sites. Limited enrollment. May not be taken for pass-fail grading. May be taken only once and may not be used to satisfy any life science major or minor requirement. Prerequisite: Consent of department chair required. (NS)
BIOS 233. Invertebrate Zoology (4)
Survey of representative invertebrates. Structure and behavior of selected types and concepts of evolutionary relationships among the major groups. Two lectures and two laboratory periods. Prerequisite: BIOS 120. (NS)
BIOS 234. Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy (4)
A course in vertebrate zoology with emphasis on the study of homologous body structures in the various vertebrate classes and their relationship to the functional demands of habit and environment in each class. Detailed dissections of representative vertebrates are made in the laboratory. Two lectures and two laboratory periods. Prerequisite: BIOS 120. (NS)
BIOS 241. Vertebrate Natural History (4)
An introduction to the ecology, behavior, distribution and evolution of vertebrates, with emphasis on the North American fauna. Two lectures, one tutorial and one laboratory and field trip. This course may be used to fulfill junior writing requirements with the permission of the instructor. Prerequisite: BIOS 120. (NS)
BIOS 251. Writing and Biological Sciences (3)
A course designed to acquaint students with some of the intellectual foundations of science, with attention to the distinctiveness of the biological sciences. Format includes readings, intensive writing, extemporaneous speaking, and discussion. May not be used to fulfill Biology B.A. elective requirements. Prerequisite: Major status and consent of department. (NS)
BIOS 261. Special Topics in Biological Sciences (1-3)
Research, conferences and reports on selected topics not covered in the general undergraduate offerings. May be taken more than once for credit. Prerequisite: Major status and consent of instructor. (NS)
BIOS 262. Research Proposal (3)
Literature and methods of research in area of department faculty expertise. Requires development of detailed proposal for research to be performed in senior year. Prerequisites: Major in any biological sciences degree program; junior standing; GPA of 3.0 in major; and consent of department. (NS)
BIOS 276. Behavioral Neuroscience II (3)
Neuronanatomy and neurophysiology of animal and human behavior. Feeding, thirst, sleep, emotions, learning, and psychopathology. Prerequisite: BIOS 177. (ND)
BIOS 277. Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (2)
Structure and function of the mammalian brain with special attention to cellular morphology and organization. Standard, cutting edge techniques to determine how the shape and function of the nervous system regulates behavior. Experimental design, hypothesis testing, statistical analysis, reading and writing of scientific papers, basic histology and imaging. Prerequisites: BIOS 177. (NS)
BIOS 307. Male Reproductive Biology (1-3)
Molecular, cellular, and genetic aspects of the mammalian male reproductive system. Prerequisites: BIOS 120 and consent of instructor (NS).
BIOS 313. Vertebrate Histology (3)
Microstructural and ultrastructural properties of vertebrate cells and tissues. Techniques of tissue preparation. One lecture and two labs. Prerequisite: BIOS 120(ND)
BIOS 314. Vertebrate Development (3)
Germ cell formation, fertilization, early development, and the origin of the principal organ systems. Location, structure, and regulation of information from molecular to organismal levels of organization. Prerequisite: BIOS 120(NS)
BIOS 317. Evolution (3)
Mechanisms of evolution, emphasizing genetic structure and variation of populations, and isolation. Origin of species and higher taxa. Rates of evolution, extinction. Prerequisite: BIOS 120 (NS)
BIOS 324. Bacteriology (3)
The structure, physiology, growth, genetics and taxonomy of prokaryotes. Prerequisites: CHM 51 and BIOS 120. (NS)
BIOS 325. Bacteriology Laboratory (2)
Standard procedures and metabolic tests used in determinative bacteriology; aseptic technique, sterilization, enumeration, and control of bacterial growth; other selected topics. Corequisite: BIOS 324.
BIOS 328. Immunology (3)
Distinction of "self" and "non-self" through humoral and cellular mechanisms. Antigens; biochemical structures, cellular mechanisms, genetic control and processing, phylogenetic distribution, diseased states. Prerequisite: BIOS 120. (NS)
BIOS 329. Herpetology (3)
Biology of amphibians and reptiles. Two lectures, one laboratory or field trip per week. Prerequisite: BIOS 120. (ND)
BIOS 334. Species and Speciation (3)
Consideration of the origin of species. Discussion of a variety of "species" definitions and exploration of the evolutionary mechanisms by which new species arise. Alteration between lecture and discussion, drawing on the textbook and on current and classical literature. Prerequisite: BIOS 317.
BIOS 335. (PSYC 335) Animal Behavior (3)
Discussion of the behavior of invertebrates and vertebrates and analysis of the physiological mechanisms responsible for behavioral stimuli, and adaptive value of specific behavior patterns. Prerequisite: BIOS 120. (NS)
BIOS 336. Animal Behavior Laboratory (2)
Experiments and field observations illustrating principles discussed in BIOS 335. Emphasis on observing animals, performing experiments, collecting and analyzing data, and individual research. Six hours of laboratory per week. Co-requisite: BIOS 335 or 337.
BIOS 337. Behavioral Ecology (3)
Social systems of vertebrate and invertebrate groups. Emphasis on ecological and evolutionary factors that influence social behavior. Prerequisite: BIOS 120. (NS)
BIOS 340. Molecular Basis of Disease (3)
Lectures and student projects on molecular mechanisms of human disease. Physiology of disease, molecular mechanisms, therapeutic approaches, ongoing research. Topics include: neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases. Prerequisite: BIOS 120 (NS)
BIOS 345. Molecular Genetics (3)
The organization and replication of genetic material; mutagenesis; mechanisms of regulation; mechanisms of gene transmission involving prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their viruses; techniques for intervention into genetic organization and expression. Prerequisite: BIOS 120. (NS)
BIOS 346. Molecular Genetics Laboratory (2)
Laboratory experiments related to the topics covered in BIOS 345. Emphasis is on molecular characterization of DNA and the principles of gene isolation and transfer. Corequisite: BIOS 345.
BIOS 347. Advanced Topics in Genetics (3)
Lectures and student projects on selected aspects of genetics such as the genetics and evolution of particular organisms, regulation of gene expression and transmission, human genetics, gene therapy, etc. Prerequisites: BIOS 345 or consent of department chair. (NS)
BIOS 353. Virology (3)
Structure and replication of viruses. Emphasis on the organization, replication, and regulation of expression of viral genomes; the mechanisms of virus assembly and release; and on virus-host interactions. Special attention given to human pathogenic viruses. Prerequisite: BIOS 120 and CHM 52. (NS)
BIOS 356. Human Genetics and Reproduction (3)
Frontiers in human genetics, including simple and complex genetic diseases, cancers. Emphasis on genes and structures that enable reproductive processes; genetic functions of mammalian germ lines. Analysis of current publications. Prerequisite: BIOS 120. (NS)
BIOS 365. Neurobiology of Sensory Systems (3)
The fundamental features of sensory systems in a diverse array of animals. Focus on how nervous systems detect, compute, and internally represent aspects of the environment from the single cell to whole system level. Special attention to the way sensory processing influences how we think about the biological basis of perception and possible mechanisms for consciousness. Prerequisites: BIOS 177 and 120.
BIOS 367. Cell Biology (3)
Molecular aspects of cell biology. Emphasis on membrane structure and function, organelle biogenesis, cell motility, the cytoskeleton, and extracellular matrix. Prerequisite: BIOS 120. (NS)
BIOS 368. Cell Biology Laboratory (2)
Basic methods used in cell biology laboratories around the world and the opportunity to carry out an independent research project. Techniques include histology and microscopy (both white and fluorescent light), tissue culture and sterile procedures, cellular fractionation, nuclear import assays, and immunological probing. Co- or pre-requisite: BIOS 367. Consent of Department. (NS)
BIOS 369. Comparative Physiology of Vertebrate Systems (3-4)
Functional analysis of energy balance in vertebrate animal models. Digestion, respiration, circulation, and excretion, across aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates. Homeostatic mechanisms of salt, water, and gas exchange. Ionotropic and metabetropic signal transduction. Hormonal and electrical cellular communication among muscles, glands, and neurons. Sensory systems, movement and reproduction. Physiological adaptations to extreme environments. When offered for 4 credits, the course includes one laboratory meeting per week. Prerequisite: BIOS 120. (NS)
BIOS 371. (CHM 371) Elements of Biochemistry I (3) fall
A general study of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and other biological substances and their importance in life processes. Protein and enzyme chemistry are emphasized. Prerequisite: one year of organic chemistry. (NS)
BIOS 372. (CHM 372) Elements of Biochemistry II (3) spring
Dynamic aspects of biochemistry; enzyme reactions including energetics, kinetics and mechanisms; metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids; photosynthesis, electron transport mechanisms, coupled reactions, phosphorylations, and the synthesis of biological macromolecules. Prerequisite: BIOS 371 and BIOS 41 or consent of the instructor. (NS)
BIOS 376. Classical & Molecular Embryology (3)
Differentiation of multicellular organisms from a single cell. Axis determination; gradients; induction and pattern formation viewed through modern analysis of regulated gene expression. Prerequisite: BIOS 345 (previously or concurrently). (NS)
BIOS 377. (CHM 377) Biochemistry Laboratory (3) fall
Laboratory studies of the properties of chemicals of biological origin and the influence of chemical and physical factors on these properties. Laboratory techniques used for the isolation and identification of biochemicals. Prerequisite: BIOS/CHM 371 previously or concurrently and BIOS 41 or consent of instructor. (ND)
BIOS 378. (CHM 378) Biochemical Preparations (1-3) spring
A laboratory course involving the preparation or isolation, purification and identification of chemicals of biological origin. Prerequisites: BIOS/CHM 377 and 372, previously or concurrently. (ND)
BIOS 380. (BIOE 380). Molecular and Cellular Biophysics (3)
Physical principles of biomolecular and cellular organization. Biomolecular interactions and recognition, molecular motors, physical organization and functioning of cellular membranes, electrical signaling in live cells. Modern techniques in biophysics: X-ray analysis, molecular spectroscopy, molecular modeling, fluorescence imaging, electrophysiology, electron microscopy. Prerequisites: BIOS 115 and Physics 13 or 21.
BIOS 381. Physical Biochemistry (3)
Topics include: thermodynamics of biological systems; Forces acting on and between biological molecules; Principles of macromolecular structure; Physical methods used to characterize biomolecules; and other topics to be determined. Prerequisite BIOS/CHM 371 and BIOS 41. (NS)
BIOS 382. (PSYC 382) Endocrinology of Behavior (3)
Hormonal effects upon animal and human behavior. Emphasis on neuroendocrinology of steroid hormone involvement in reproductive behaviors. Prerequisite: BIOS 177 or BIOS 120. (NS)
BIOS 383. Biological Sciences Colloquia (1)
Analysis of weekly colloquia in the biological sciences. For senior majors in the biological sciences. May be taken twice for credit. (ND)
BIOS 384. Eukaryotic Signal Transduction (3)
Signal transduction between cells of multi-cellular eukaryotic organisms examined in the context of specialized functions that include: nutrition, hormones and neurotransmitters, vision, muscle contraction, adhesion, and the immune system. The evolution of cancer based on mutations in these signaling systems. Prerequisite BIOS 367 or 372.
BIOS 385. Neurophysiology and Memory (3)
Lectures and seminars on mechanisms of neuronal communication, the ability of neuronal networks to store and retrieve information, cellular basis for memory. Prerequisite: BIOS 177 and PHY 13, or consent of the instructor. (NS)
BIOS 387. Biological Sciences Honors Seminar (1)
Development, presentation and implementation of research proposals, and discussions of research. Required for senior biology and molecular biology majors pursuing departmental honors. Departmental permission required. (ND)
BIOS 388. Biological Sciences Honors Seminar (1)
Continuation and extension of BIOS 387. Departmental permission required. (ND)
BIOS 391. Undergraduate Research (1-3)
Laboratory research under tutorial with a faculty member. May be taken more than once for credit. Prerequisites: junior standing, and consent of instructor. (ND)
BIOS 393. Thesis (3)
Literature review and design of project in selected area, execution of the project, final report and presentation. Departmental permission. Intended for senior majors in BIOS only. May be repeated one time for additional credit. Prerequisite: Consent of instructor. (ND)
Students may apply for admission to an accelerated B.A.-Doctor of Medicine program and a B.A.-Doctor of Medical Dentistry program. A seven-year B.A.-M.D. program is offered in conjunction with Drexel University College of Medicine, and a seven-year B.A.-D.M.D. program is offered in conjunction with the University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine. Students in these programs receive a B.A. from Lehigh and a graduate degree from the designated professional school within a seven-year period. For details concerning admission to these programs, see Health Professions, Section III.
Rigorous, research-oriented graduate programs leading to a Doctor of Philosophy are offered in three divisions of the Department of Biological Sciences: biochemistry, integrative biology, and molecular biology. To complete the program students must successfully complete core courses, pass a qualifying exam, prepare, submit, and successfully defend a written research proposal, complete the research described in the proposal, and submit a written dissertation and defend the completed research to the department.
Once students enter the department, their progress is monitored by the graduate committee until they are admitted to candidacy. Members of the committee meet with the student each semester to assess the student's progress towards the degree and to assist students in choosing the appropriate courses to provide a solid scientific foundation and an up-to-date understanding of the discipline. This will be assessed by the qualifying exam.
The qualifying exam generally should be taken after the third semester and no later than the fourth semester of course work. It will be prepared, administered and graded by the faculty associated with the specific graduate program in which the student is enrolled. It consists of a two-day written exam and an oral examination. The exam can be repeated once. Admission to candidacy is granted after successful completion of the qualifying exam and the thesis proposal. The proposal is a written description of an original research project developed under the guidance of a faculty member chosen by the student to be his/her advisor. The proposal will be presented orally to the thesis committee, typically after the fifth semester. Following the presentation of the proposal, an oral examination will take place in which the thesis committee will question the student about general science related to the project. This will constitute the general examination.
Core requirements for each division are listed below. The graduate school requires students to register for at least 72-post baccalaureate credits to earn the Ph.D. In addition, all students must take BIOS 408 (0 credits) Responsible Conduct of Science within their first year of graduate study. All students must also attend departmental seminars and enroll in BIOS 406 (1 credit) Biological Sciences Seminar at least twice in the first four semesters. A minimum of 24 course credits may be chosen from upper level courses in biochemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, behavioral biology and evolutionary biology, and neuroscience. At least 12 of these credits must be at the 400 level.
In the biochemistry program, research areas include DNA structure and function, regulation of protein synthesis, and signal transduction. Students admitted to graduate study in biochemistry will typically have an undergraduate degree in chemistry or biochemistry. Students with an undergraduate degree in a related discipline will be expected to have the following undergraduate preparation for graduate study beyond introductory chemistry and a year of organic chemistry: at least one semester of analytical chemistry and one semester of physical chemistry - thermodynamics and kinetics, with appropriate math. Students without that background will be expected to take courses to fulfill those requirements as part of their graduate study. Required courses: BIOS 371, 372 Elements of Biochemistry I and II, BIOS 469, 470 Biochemical Problem Solving I and II, CHM 423 Bio-Organic Chemistry, BIOS 345 Molecular Genetics, and a seminar course. BIOS 408 or CHM 400 must also be completed before beginning research.
The graduate program in integrative biology is designed to train students in advanced organismal biology with the emphasis on behavioral ecology, evolution, functional morphology, endocrinology, and neurobiology of animals. The mission of the program is to create students who are broadly trained and uniquely capable of asking questions and solving problems at the interface of these traditionally defined fields. Students admitted to the program should have a basic knowledge of evolution, anatomy, physiology, behavioral neuroscience, and/or behavioral ecology. Students will begin by taking core courses providing a broad foundation in integrative biology at the graduate level and work toward a Ph.D. with a concentration in either behavioral neuroscience or behavioral and evolutionary biology. Regardless of concentration, all students in the program develop an appreciation for the fact that all aspects of biology, whether cellular, physiological, anatomical, behavioral, evolutionary , or social, are inextricably linked and cannot be fully understood as separate, parallel systems of knowledge. The integrative program consists of two tracts: (I) Animal Behavior and Evolution, and (II) Neuroscience. The Animal Behavior and Evolution tract requires that students take 4 core courses with at least one course taken from each of the following three core areas: (1) Animal Behavior/Evolution (courses include BIOS 409, 439, 334). (2) Behavior/Neuroanatomy (BIOS 453, 475) and (3) Development/Neurophysiology (BIOS 416, 450). The Neuroscience tract requires that students take both BIOS 453 and 416, and one course from each of the following core areas: (1) Developmental/Endocrinology (BIOS 450, 457), (2) Animal Behavior/Evolution (BIOS 409, 439, 334), (3) Cell/Molecular Neuroscience (411, 421, 422, 431, 432). BIOS 401 and two semesters of BIOS 406 are required. Depending on the student's background, additional courses may be required.
In the molecular biology program, research areas include microbial evolution and genetics, plant and animal molecular genetics, eukaryotic cell biology, and regulation of gene expression. Required core courses include BIOS 345 Molecular Genetics, BIOS 371 Elements of Biochemistry I, BIOS 372 Elements of Biochemistry II, BIOS 411 Advanced Cell Biology, BIOS 421 Molecular Cell Biology I, and BIOS 422 Molecular Cell Biology II. Additional courses to reach 24 credits are chosen from upper level electives in molecular biology, cell biology, and biochemistry.
Facilities available for research in the biological sciences include core facilities with equipment (for example, for DNA synthesis, confocal microscopy, digital imaging, chromatography, cell culture, centrifugation, controlled environments, gamma and scintillation counting, flow cytometry, and rodent surgery). Individual research laboratories and advanced teaching laboratories contain a variety of additional equipment. Ongoing interactions with a variety of private companies contribute additional opportunities for student experiences.
BIOS 401. Professional Skills for Biological Sciences Graduate Students (3)
Students learn expectations and fundamental skills related to success in the biological sciences. The course is designed to help students make the most out of their graduate education. Students learn the principles underlying fundable, publishable research, and how these general principles can be applied to their specific research area. They learn to write and review manuscripts and grant proposals by serving on a mock editorial board and scientific review panel. They gain experience in giving oral presentations. Readings are from texts on scientific writing and research styles, and from original journal articles and grant proposals written by the faculty. No prerequisites. Required of all Integrative Biology graduate students.
BIOS 404. (PSYC 404) Behavioral Neuroscience (3)
Theoretical and empirical issues in biopsychology. Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor.
BIOS 405. Special Topics in Molecular Biology (1-3)
Research, conferences, and reports on selected topics not covered in the general graduate offerings. May be taken more than once for credit.
BIOS 406. Biological Sciences Seminar (1)
An advanced seminar in current developments including departmental research. Required for candidates for graduate degrees in molecular biology. May be taken more than once for credit.
BIOS 407. Research in Biological Science (1-9)
Laboratory investigations in one of the department's research areas.
BIOS 408. Responsible Conduct of Science (0)
Responsible practice in research. Training in general laboratory methods; human subjects concerns; radiation safety; chemical hazards; aseptic technique; physical, mechanical, biological, and fire hazards; animal welfare. Occupational and workplace considerations. Recombinant DNA guidelines; patent and proprietary rights; controversies over applications of science. Appropriate aspects required of investigators in all departmental research projects.
BIOS 409. Evolutionary and Functional Morphology (3)
Readings in the current literature, demonstrations and laboratory exercises exploring the applications of comparative methods to the analysis of evolutionary patterns at a range of morphological levels (molecular and macroscopic). Students will also learn experimental approaches to testing relationships between form and function in vertebrates. Emphasis will be on the musculoskeletal and nervous systems. Prerequisite BIOS 234, BIOS 317, or permission of instructor.
BIOS 410. Special Topics in Behavioral and Evolutionary Bioscience (1-3)
Readings and discussions on selected topics not covered in the general graduate offerings. May be taken more than once for credit.
BIOS 411. Advanced Cell Biology (3)
Cell structure and biochemistry, as related to specialized cell functions.
BIOS 412. Metabolic Influences on Behavior (3)
Sensory systems that detect metabolic energy availability and affect the behavior of humans and other animals: food intake and body weight regulation, sexual and parental behavior, aggression, learning, and body temperature regulation. Prerequisite: BIOS 404 and consent of instructor.
BIOS 414. Sexual Differentiation (3)
Genetic and hormonal events mediating the development and expression of sexual dimorphisms in physiology and behavior. Current theoretical models; emphasis on biochemical, neuroanatomical and molecular biological considerations. Prerequisite: BIOS 404 and consent of instructor.
BIOS 415. Neuropharmacology (3)
Mechanism of drug action in the central nervous system, including cell surface receptors and second messenger systems. Drug use/abuse and cellular changes mediating behavioral effects. Drug use in clinical therapy. Prerequisite: BIOS 404 and consent of instructor.
BIOS 416. Neurophysiology and Memory (3)
Lectures and seminars on mechanisms of neuronal communication, the ability of neuronal networks to store and retrieve information, cellular basis for memory. Prerequisites: Background in neuroscience and undergraduate physics or consent of instructor.
BIOS 418. Analysis of Reproduction and Mating Systems (3)
Study of reproduction and sexuality in plants and animals with emphasis on current hypotheses as reported in the literature. Topics include hermaphroditism, neoteny, larval forms, parental investment, complex life cycles, population structure. Readings from primary source material and review articles. One review paper and one research proposal are required, and together with readings forms the basis for discussion sections and examinations. Prerequisite: Consent of the department.
BIOS 420. Pheromonal Communication (3)
Mechanisms of pheromone synthesis, biochemistry, sensory transduction, neuroanatomy/neuroendocrinology, and adaptive significance. Prerequisite: BIOS 404 and consent of instructor.
BIOS 421. Molecular Cell Biology I (3)
Molecular aspects of cell structure, cell motility, intracellular transport; and biomembrane dynamics. Prerequisite: BIOS 411 or equivalent.
BIOS 422. Molecular Cell Biology II (3)
Molecular aspects of gene expression, including genome structure and replication, RNA synthesis/processing, and protein synthesis. Prerequisite: BIOS 345 or equivalent.
BIOS 424. Advanced Neurobiology of Sensory Systems (3)
This course is designed to provide an overview of core principles of neuroscience through exploration of sensory systems. The course will provide an intensive review of fundamental neural signaling followed by a broad introduction to the major sensory pathways. Focus will be on major organizing principles of neural systems, and information processing. Student discussions and presentations will incorporate current literature and concepts.
BIOS 425. Male Reproductive Biology (1-3)
Molecular, cellular, and genetic aspects of the mammalian male reproductive system. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
BIOS 427. Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology (3)
Laboratory experiences in three or more cell and molecular biological techniques: gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids/proteins; polymerase chain reaction; DNA/RNA sequencing; molecular hybridization techniques; fluorescence microscopy; confocal microscopy; flow cytometry; electron microscopy tissue preparation; immunological detection methods; molecular cloning techniques; oocyte microinjection techniques; tissue culture methods; and autoradiography.
BIOS 429. Advances in Herpetology (3)
Lectures and readings from the primary literature on current research in amphibian and reptilian biology. Two lectures, one discussion session and one laboratory or field trip. Not open to students who have received credit for BIOS 329.
BIOS 431. Advanced Topics in Cell Biology (3)
Current research problems in cell biology. May be repeated when a different topic is offered. Prerequisite: BIOS 367 or equivalent.
BIOS 432. Advanced Topics in Molecular Genetics (3)
Current research in molecular genetics. May be repeated when a different topic is offered. Prerequisite: BIOS 345 or equivalent.
BIOS 433. Advanced Topics in Developmental Biology (3)
Current research problems in developmental biology. May be repeated when a different topic is offered. Prerequisite: BIOS 345 or equivalent.
BIOS 437. (CHM 437) Pathophysiological Chemistry (3)
Biochemical basis of human diseases involving abnormal metabolism of proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Emphasis on the correlation of the clinical presentation of disease processes seen as physiological dysfunctions with clinical laboratory methods. Lectures, student presentations, and clinical case discussions. Prerequisite: consent of the department.
BIOS 439. Advanced Behavioral Ecology (3)
Critical evaluation of the theoretical foundation in sociobiology. Emphasis placed on kinship, altruism, mate choice, parental investment, parent-offspring conflict, etc. Lectures and seminars. Prerequisite: BIOS 317 or equivalent. Not open to students who have taken BIOS 337.
BIOS 445. Systematics and Evolution (3)
Theoretical, philosophical and methodological foundations of the classification of eukaryotic organisms and the manner in which systematic theory and method relate to evolutionary theory. Two lectures and one lab-recitation-discussion session. Prerequisite: BIOS 317.
BIOS 450. Developmental Neurobiology (3)
Fundamental mechanisms underlying neural development. Early events leading to the induction of the neuroectoderm and the reorganization of the vertebrate central nervous system during adulthood and aging. Major developmental events such as phenotype commitment, cell migration, differentiation and growth cone guidance. Emphasis on the interplay between concepts emerging from organismal and molecular levels of analyses.
BIOS 453. General Neuroanatomy (3)
Graduate level study of the neuroanatomy and neurochemistry of systems that underlie behavior in vertebrates. Emphasis will be on the traditional and novel methodologies used to reveal neuroanatomical pathways as well as the function of these pathways. Prerequisites: BIOS 177 Introduction to Behavioral Neuroscience and BIOS 375 Neuroanatomy of Behavior or permission of instructor.
BIOS 456. Human Genetics and Preproduction (3)
Frontiers in human genetics, including simple and complex genetic diseases, cancers. Emphasis on genes and structures that enable reproductive processes; genetic functions of mammalian germ lines. Analysis of current publications.
BIOS 457. Advanced Behavioral Neuroendocrinology (3)
A seminar course that covers current primary literature on the hormone-nervous system interactions that underlie physiology and behavior. The course covers the neuroendocrinology of reproduction, sex behavior, parental behavior, social behavior, agonistic and territorial behavior, learning and memory, homeostasis (caloric, nutritional, water and salt balance, temperature regulation), circadian rhythms and seasonality in a variety of vertebrates. Prerequisite: BIOS 382 or permission of instructor.
BIOS 464. Molecular Biology of Eukaryotic Organisms (3)
Comparative analysis of several eukaryotes as model systems in cell biology, developmental biology, genetics, and molecular biology. Prerequisite: BIOS 345 or equivalent.
BIOS 466. Structure and Function of RNAs and Ribonucleoprotein Complexes (3)
Biochemistry and function of small nuclear RNPs, RNase P, ribosomes, self-splicing introns, signal recognition particle, RNA viruses. Functions of RNA in DNA replication, in regulation, as an enzyme, and as a repressor. Prerequisite: BIOS 345 or equivalent.
BIOS 467. (CHM 467) Principles of Nucleic Acid Structure (3)
An examination of the principles underlying nucleic acid structure including stereochemistry, electrostatics, hydration, torsional constraints, sequence specific effects, and interaction with nuclear proteins. Special emphasis will be placed on DNA structure. Prerequisites: one year of biochemistry and one year of physical chemistry or permission of the department.
BIOS 468. (CHM 468) Principles of Protein Structure (3)
An examination of the principles underlying protein structure including stereochemistry, preferred tertiary structures, protein homology, excluded volume effects, time dependent structural fluctuations, and prediction of protein structure from sequence information. Prerequisites: one year of biochemistry and one year of physical chemistry or permission of the department.
BIOS 469. (CHM 469) Biochemical Problem Solving I (1)
Applications of material covered in BIOS/CHM 371 including techniques used in research. Prerequisite: BIOS/CHM 371 previously or concurrently.
BIOS 470. (CHM 470) Biochemical Problem Solving II (1)
Applications of concepts covered in BIOS/CHM 372 including techniques used in research. Prerequisite: BIOS/CHM 372 previously or concurrently.
BIOS 471. (CHM 471) Eukaryotic Signal Transduction (3)
Signal transduction between and within cells of multi-cellular organisms examined in the context of specialized functions that include: nutrition, hormones and neurotransmitters, vision, muscle contraction, adhesion and the immune system. The evolution of cancer based on mutations in these signaling systems. Lecture, discussion, and student presentations. Prerequisite: BIOS/CHM 372 or BIOS411.
BIOS 472. (CHM 472) Lipids and Membranes (3)
Structure, physical properties and functions of lipids and their biological aggregates. Techniques for studying lipid assemblies, enzymes which act on lipids, membrane proteins and lipoproteins will also be discussed. Prerequisite: BIOS/CHM 372 or consent of department.
BIOS 473. (CHM 473) Biochemistry of Complex Carbohydrates (3)
Consideration of the structure, function and metabolism of complex carbohydrates (glycolipids, glycoproteins and proteoglycans) with particular emphasis on glycoproteins. The first part of the course will consist of lectures to familiarize the student with basic terms, concepts and processes. The second part will involve critical readings, presentation and discussion of the current primary research literature by class participants.
BIOS 479. (CHM 479) Biochemical Techniques (3)
Laboratory studies of the techniques and principles involved in the isolation, identification, and biochemical transformation of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins. Prerequisite: BIOS 371 or its equivalent previously or concurrently.
BIOS 480. (CHM 480) Advanced Biochemical Preparations (1-3)
An advanced laboratory course in the preparation, isolation, purification, and identification of biochemically produced materials. Emphasis is placed on materials and procedures of current interest in biochemistry. Prerequisite: consent of the department.
BIOS 483. Special Topics in Behavioral Neuroscience (3)
Examination of the biological substrates of behavior. Topics may include animal communication, sociobiology, behavioral endocrinology, or behavior genetics. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: BIOS 404 or consent of department.
BIOS 488. Seminar in Neuroscience, Behavior, and Evolution (1)
Advanced seminar in current research developments. May be taken more than once for credit.
Biology, life science, and related courses at Lehigh University are offered in a variety of settings that reflect the various levels of organization in life science and different orientations relating to areas of application. The College of Arts and Sciences offers degree programs in Applied Life Science, Behavioral Neuroscience, Biochemistry, Biology, Earth and Environmental Science, and Molecular Biology. The P. C. Rossin College of Engineering and Applied Science offers a degree program in Bioengineering. Refer to the catalog entries below for complete descriptions.
Major and Minor Programs |
Catalog Entry |
Applied Life Science (BA or BS) |
Applied Life Science |
Behavioral Neuroscience (BA or BS) |
Biological Sciences |
Biochemistry (BS only) |
Biochemistry |
Bioengineering (BS only) |
Bioengineering |
Biology (BA or BS) |
Biological Sciences |
Earth and Environmental Science (BA only) |
Earth and Environmental Sciences |
Molecular Biology (BA or BS) |
Biological Sciences |
Courses related to life science interest can be found under the catalog entries above as well as in other departments, including Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics, Psychology, and Sociology and Anthropology.
For additional information, students should contact Professor Anand Jagota, Department of Chemical Engineering at 610-758-4396 or anj6@lehigh.edu
The Bioscience and Biotechnology program is designed to meet the goals of students seeking educational opportunities at the interface of life science with engineering, humanities, business, social science, or other natural sciences. Two degree programs are offered: Applied Life Science in the College of Arts & Sciences and Bioengineering in the P.C. Rossin College of Engineering and Applied Science. The programs were developed jointly by faculty from both Colleges and were motivated by the anticipated societal impact of the human genome and proteome projects. They share several common courses, lab facilities, faculty participation, and opportunities for undergraduate research while retaining distinct identities and educational goals. Degrees available to students are: Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science in Applied Life Science (Arts & Sciences) or Bachelor of Science in Bioengineering (Engineering and Applied Science) and are listed in the catalog by program.
The designation of "business" refers to general business courses.
Undergraduate Courses
BUS 1. Introduction to Business (3)
An introduction to business, emphasizing critical issues impacting the business world, such as globalization, technology, ethics, and diversity. Provides an overview of the various functional areas of business and how they fit together. Stresses experiential learning and develops team-building skills. Strengthens written and oral communications skills. Provides an introduction to career opportunities and curriculum choices in business and economics. Course is offered only in the fall and is open only to College of Business and Economics freshmen.
BUS 173. Non-Major Summer Internship (1)
CBE internships expose students to the business world, enriching their understanding of ideas and problems encountered in their business courses. This course is available summers and open to students in the College of Business & Economics and those in the following programs: CSB, IBE, and Business Minor. Students are evaluated on a directed writing assignment and on a detailed evaluation provided by the work supervisor. A minimum of 150 hours of work must be completed in the internship, and verified by work supervisor. Course registration and related arrangements must be mde in advance of the work experience. This course does not satisfy any major requirements. Prerequisite: completion of a minimum of 24 college credits.
BUS 211. Integrated Product Development (IPD) 1 (3) spring
Business, engineering and design art students work in cross-disciplinary teams of 4-6 students on conceptual design including marketing, financial and economic planning, economic and technical feasibility of new product concepts. Teams work on industrial projects with faculty advisors. Oral presentations and written reports. Prerequisite: Junior standing in business, economics, arts or engineering.
BUS 212. Integrated Product Development (IPD) 2 (2) fall
Business, engineering, and design arts students work in cross disciplinary teams of 4-6 students on the detailed design including fabrication and testing of a prototype of the new product designed in IPD course 1. Additional deliverables include a detailed production plan, marketing plan, detailed base-case financial models, project and product portfolio. Teams work on industrial projects with faculty advisors. Oral presentations and written reports. Prerequisite: Bus 211/ENGR 211.
Bus 347. Practicum in Real Estate I (2) fall
This cours