Chemical Engineering

Professors. Philip A. Blythe, Ph.D. (Manchester, England); Hugo S. Caram, Ph.D. (Minnesota); Manoj K. Chaudhury, Ph.D. (SUNY-Buffalo), Franklin J. Howes Jr. Professor; Mohamed S. El-Aasser, Ph.D. (McGill), Provost; Alice P. Gast, PhD. (Princeton), President; James T. Hsu, Ph.D. (Northwestern); Anand Jagota (Cornell), Director of Bioengineering; Andrew Klein, Ph.D. (North Carolina State); William L. Luyben, Ph.D. (Delaware); Anthony J. McHugh, Ph.D. (Delaware), Ruth H. and Sam Madrid Professor, Chair; Arup K. Sengupta, Ph.D. (Houston); Cesar A. Silebi, Ph.D. (Lehigh); Israel E. Wachs, Ph.D. (Stanford), G. Whitney Snyder Professor.

Associate Professor. Mayuresh V. Kothare, Ph.D. (California Institute of Technology) R. L. McCann Professor.

Assistant Professors. James F. Gilchrist, Ph.D. (Northwestern); Ian Laurenzi, Ph.D. (UPenn).

Professor of Practice. Susan F. Perry, Ph.D. (Penn State); Kemal Tuzla, Ph.D. (Istanbul Technical), Associate Chair.

Adjunct Professor. Shivaji Sircar, Ph.D. (Pennsylvania).

Principal Research Scientists. Eric S. Daniels, Ph.D. (Lehigh); E. David Sudol, Ph.D. (Lehigh).

Emeritus Professors. Marvin Charles, Ph.D. (Brooklyn Polytechnic); John C. Chen, Ph.D. (Michigan), Dean emeritus; Arthur E. Humphrey, Ph.D. (Columbia), provost emeritus; William E. Schiesser, Ph.D. (Princeton); Leslie H. Sperling, Ph.D. (Duke); Fred P. Stein, Ph.D. (Michigan)

The mission of the undergraduate program is "to educate students in the scientific principles of chemical engineering and provide opportunities to explore their applications in the context of a humanistic education that prepares them to address technological and societal challenges."

Modern chemical engineering is built around the fundamentals enabling sciences of biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics. Its curriculum encompasses three basic organizing principles: Molecular Transformations, Multi-scale Analysis, and System Approaches. Chemical engineers serve a wide variety of technical and managerial functions within the chemical processing industry. For a lifetime of effectiveness they need a sound background in the fundamental sciences of chemistry and physics; a working capability with mathematics, numerical methods, and application of computer solutions; and a broad education in humanities, social sciences, and managerial techniques. These bases are applied in a sequence of chemical engineering courses in which logic and mathematical manipulation are applied to chemical processing problems. With the resulting habits of precise thought coupled to a broad base in scientific and general education, Lehigh graduates have been effective throughout industry and in advanced professional education. No effort is made toward any specific industry, but adaptation is rapid and the fundamental understanding forms the base for an expanding career.

The program is also designed to prepare a student for graduate study in chemical engineering. Further study at the graduate level leading to advanced degrees is highly desirable if an individual wishes to participate in the technical development of the field. The increasing complexity of modern manufacturing methods requires superior education for men and women working in research, development, and the design fields or for teaching.

To achieve its educational mission, the Department of Chemical Enginnering has established the following set of Program Educational Objectives:

1. apply their broad education in chemical engineering to pursue careers in industry, government agencies, consulting firms, educational institutions, financial institutions, business, law, and medicine.
2. engage in lifelong learning through graduate studies, research, and continuing education.
3. be successful practitioners, innovators and leaders addressing technological and societal challenges.
4. be sensitive to the social, ethical, and technical implications of their work as it affects the environment, safety, and health of citizens worldwide.

Minor in Biotechnology

The department of Chemical Engineering encourages engineering students to broaden their education by taking a minor. In this regard, a Biotechnology Minor is offered to students majoring in Engineering College. The Biotechnology minor requires 15 credit hours. A detailed listing of the required courses for the Biotechnology Minor can be obtained from the Chemical Engineering Department.

Minor in Chemical Engineering

Minor in Chemical Engineering provides students Chemical Engineering knowledge that they do not acquire in their major, such as knowledge of bio-chemical systems, transport phenomena, reaction engineering. This will widen their skills and help to increase the cooperation between the disciplines, which will lead to increased possibilities for employment.

Physical Facilities

The chemical engineering department is the only engineering department located on Lehigh's 780-acre Mountaintop Campus. Here the department occupies approximately one-third of Iacocca Hall, the 200,000-square-foot flagship building that contains offices, classrooms, and laboratories. Additional plant facilities, and the undergraduate chemical processing laboratory occupy approximately 10,000-square-feet in the nearby Imbt building.

These facilities provide excellent support for a wide range of general laboratory equipment for undergraduate and graduate studies of the behavior of typical chemical processing units; special equipment for bioengineering research; special equipment for biochemical engineering and for the study of polymers; digital computation for process dynamics study; and special equipment for the study of thermodynamics, kinetics, heat transfer, and mass transfer.

The chemical engineering department has established a senior design laboratory in Iacocca Hall featuring 20 PCs. In addition, a 10-PC university-maintained computing laboratory is available nearby.

Career Opportunities

Chemical engineers play important roles in all activities bearing on the chemical process industry. These include the functions of research, development, design, plant construction, plant operation and management, corporate planning, technical sales, and market analysis.

The industries that produce chemical and/or certain physical changes in fluids, including petroleum and petrochemicals, rubbers and polymers, pharmaceuticals, bioengineering, metals, industrial and fine chemicals, foods, and industrial gases, have found chemical engineers to be vital to their success. Chemical engineers are also important participants in pollution abatement, energy resources, national defense programs, and more recently in the manufacture of microelectronic devices and integrated circuits.

Special Programs and Opportunities

Co-op Program: The department, in conjunction with the College of Engineering and Applied Science, operates a cooperative program that is optional for specially selected students who are entering their junior year. This program affords early exposure to industry and an opportunity to integrate an academic background with significant periods of engineering practice. Our program is unique in offering two work experiences and still allowing the co-op students to graduate in four years with their class.

OSI Program: The Opportunities for Student Innovation (OSI) program seeks to develop students' propensities for critical assessment and innovative solution of meaningful problems. The OSI program affords selected seniors an opportunity to experience team research leading toward technological benefits. Each project is hosted by a company and carried out under the supervision of a Lehigh faculty member.

Minors and Specializations: Technical minors are available in biotechnology, computer science, environmental engineering, manufacturing systems, materials science and engineering, and polymer science and engineering. Chemical Engineering also offers specialization certificates in polymer science, biotechnology, and process modeling and control. Minors are also available from the Business College and the College of Arts and Sciences.

Overseas: Study abroad is available in exchange programs that have been established by the department for the junior year at the University of Nottingham (United Kingdom) and for the summer following the junior year at the University of Dortmund (Germany).

Requirements of the Major - 131 credit hours are required for graduation with the degree of bachelor of science in chemical engineering.

freshman year (see Recommended Freshman Year)

sophomore year, first semester (16 credit hours)

sophomore year, second semester (17 credit hours)

junior year, first semester (17 credit hours)

junior year, second semester (18 credit hours)

senior year, first semester (18 credit hours)

senior year, second semester (16 credit hours)

There are five types of electives:

1. Humanities/Social Sciences: See the requirements set by the P.C. Rossin College of Engineering and Applied Science (Section 3). Note that ECO 1 is required, as well as Freshman English.
2. Three credit hours from approved courses in other engineering departments (BioE, CEE, EECS, IMSE, MEM, MSE).
3. Chemistry: 3 credit hours of 300-level or higher.
4. Chemical Engineering: A total of 3 credit hours is required from among CHE 186, or 3xy, or 4xy. CHE 185 does not qualify.
5. Free electives: 6 credit hours in any subject area.

Electives in (2) to (5) above can be combined with any technical minor in RCEAS.

Undergraduate Courses

CHE 31. Material and Energy Balances of Chemical Processes (3) fall

Material and energy balances with and without chemical reaction. Introduction to phase equilibrium calculations. Applications in chemical process calculations and in design of staged separations: binary distillation, liquid-liquid extraction. Plant trips and special lectures introducing the profession. Prerequisite: CHEM 25 or equivalent and ENG 1 previously or concurrently.

CHE 44. Fluid Mechanics (4) spring

Fluid mechanics and its applications to chemical processes. Momentum and energy balances in fluid flow. Dimensional analysis. Fluid flow in pipes, packed and fluidized beds. Mixing and agitation. Filtration and sedimentation.

CHE 60. Unit Operations Survey (3) spring

The theory of heat, mass and momentum transport. Laminar and turbulent flow of real fluids. Heat transfer by conduction, convection, and radiation. Application to a wide range of operations in the chemical and metallurgical process industries.

CHE 85. Undergraduate Research (1)

Independent study of a problem involving laboratory investigation, design, or theoretical studies under the guidance of a faculty. Consent of the department chair. The course may be repeated for up to 3 credits.

CHE 151. Introduction to Heat Transfer (3) fall

Fundamental principles of heat transfer. Fourier's law. Conduction, convection and radiation. Analysis of steady and unsteady state heat transfer. Evaporation and condensation. Applications to the analysis and design of chemical processing units involving heat transfer. Prerequisite: CHE 44.

CHE 179. Professional Development (1) spring

Elements of professional growth, registration, ethics, and the responsibilities of engineers both as employees and as independent practitioners. Proprietary information and its handling. Patents and their importance. Discussions with the staff and with visiting Lecturers. A few plant trips.

CHE 185. Undergraduate Research I (3)

Independent study of a problem involving laboratory investigation, design, or theoretical studies under the guidance of a senior faculty member.

CHE 186. Undergraduate Research II (3)

A continuation of the project begun under CHE 185. Prerequisite: CHE 185 or consent of the department chair.

CHE 201. Methods of Analysis in Chemical Engineering (3) fall

Analytical and numerical methods of solution applied to dynamic, discrete and continuous chemical engineering processes. Laplace Transforms. Methods of analysis applied to equilibrium, characteristic value and non-linear chemical engineering problems. Prerequisite: MATH 23 and CHE 44.

CHE 202. Chemical Engineering Laboratory I (2) fall

The laboratory study of chemical engineering unit operations and the reporting of technical results. One three-hour laboratory and one lecture period per week. Independent study and both group and individual reporting. Prerequisite: CHE 151.

CHE 203. Chemical Engineering Laboratory II (2) spring

Laboratory experience with more complex chemical processing situations including processes involving chemical reactions and those controlled automatically. Prerequisite: CHE 244 and CHE 210.

CHE 207. (MATH 207) Introduction to Biomedical Engineering and Mathematical Physiology (3) fall

Topics in human physiology and mathematical analysis of physiological phenomena, including the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, biomechanics, and renal physiology; broad survey of bioengineering. Independent study projects. Prerequisites: MATH 205.

CHE 210. Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics (4) spring

Energy relations and their application to chemical engineering. Consideration of flow and nonflow processes. Evaluation of the effects of temperature and pressure on the thermodynamic properties of fluids. Heat effects accompanying phase changes and chemical reactions. Determination of chemical and physical equilibrium. Prerequisite: CHE 31.

CHE 211. Chemical Reactor Design (3) spring

The theory of chemical kinetics to the design and operation of chemical reactors. Plug flow and continuous stirred tank reactors. Homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction kinetics. Design of isothermal and adiabatic reactors. Prerequisite: CHE 151, CHE 210 or equivalent.

CHE 233. Process Design I (3) fall

Design of chemical plants incorporating traditional elements of engineering economics and synthesis of steady-state flowsheets with (1) both heuristic and rigorous optimization methods and (2) consideration of dynamic controllability of the process. Economic principles involved in the selection of process alternatives and determination of process capital, operating costs, and venture profitability. Energy conservation, pinch techniques, heat-exchanger networks, and separation sequences. Considerations of market limitations, environmental and regulatory restrictions, and process safety. Use of modern computer-aided software for steady-state and dynamic simulation and optimization. Group design projects. Prerequisites: CHE 211, CHE 242 and CHE 244.

CHE 234. Process Design II (3) spring

Continuation of CHE 233. Prerequisite CHE 233.

CHE 242. Introduction to Process Control and Simulation (3) fall

Dynamic simulation of chemical processes. Transfer functions and block diagrams. Introduction to process control equipment. Open-loop and closed-loop stability analysis using root locus and Nyquist techniques. Design of control systems. Prerequisites: CHE 201, CHE 151, and ENGR 1.

CHE 244. Mass Transfer and Separation Processes (3) spring

Diffusion, fluxes, and component conservation equations. Fick's law. Unsteady state diffusion. Convective mass transfer. Interphase mass transport coefficients. Design of multicomponent-distillation, absorption, extraction, and fixed-bed processes. Prerequisites: CHE 31 and CHE 44.

CHE 281. Chemical Engineering Fundamentals I (4) fall

Fundamentals of material balances, fluid mechanics and heat transfer. Prerequisites: Undergraduate degree in a scientific or engineering discipline or one semester undergraduate level general chemistry, one semester undergraduate level physics (statics and dynamics), and two semesters undergraduate calculus and department permission.

CHE 282. Chemical Engineering Fundamentals II (4) spring

Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer, process energy balances and unit operations. Prerequisites: CHE 281, or equivalent, and department permission.

CHE 283. Chemical Engineering Fundamentals III (4) fall

Fundamentals of thermodynamics, reaction kinetics and reactor analysis, and applied mathematics. Prerequisites: CHE 281 and 282 and department permission.

For Advanced Undergraduates and Graduate Students

CHE 276. (CE 276) Environmental Engineering Processes (3) spring

Processes applied in environmental engineering for air pollution control, treatment of drinking water, municipal wastewater, industrial wastes, hazardous/toxic wastes, and environmental remediation. Kinetics, reactor theory, mass balances, application of fundamental physical, chemical and biological principles to analysis and design.

CHE 331. Separation Processes (3) fall, every other year

Industrial separation chemistry and processes. Computer solutions for simple and complex multicomponent distillation columns. Azeotropic and extractive distillation. Adsorption, ion exchange and chromatography in packed beds, moving beds and cyclic operation. Synthesis of polymer membrane and its applications to industrial separation processes.

CHE 334. (MAT 334, EES 338) Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis (4) fall

Fundamentals and experimental methods in electron optical techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) conventional transmission (TEM) and scanning transmission (STEM) electron microscopy. Specific topics covered will include electron optics, electron beam interactions with solids, electron diffraction and chemical microanalysis. Applications to the study of the structure of materials are given. Prerequisite: consent of the department chair.

CHE 341. Biotechnology I (3) fall

Applications of material and energy balances; heat, mass, and momentum transfer; enzyme and microbial kinetics; and mathematical modeling to the engineering design and scale-up of bio-reactor systems. Prerequisites: BioS 41, ChE31, and CHM 31; the consent of the instructor. Closed to students who have taken CHE 441.

CHE 342. Biotechnology II (3) spring

Engineering design and analysis of the unit operations used in the recovery and purification of products manufactured by the biotechnology industries. Requirements for product finishing and waste handling will be addressed. Prerequisite: ChE 31 and CHM 31; and the consent of the instructor. Closed to students who have taken CHE 442.

CHE 344. Molecular Bioengineering (3)

Kinetics in small systems, stochastic simulation of biochemical processes, receptor-mediated adhesion, dynamics of ion-channels, ligand binding, biochemical transport, surface Plasmon resonance, DNA microarray design, and chemical approaches to systems biology. Prerequisites: Math 205 and Math 231, or senior standing in ChE.

CHE 346. Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (3) spring

Laboratory and pilot-scale experiments in fermentation and enzyme technology, tissue culture, and separations techniques. Prerequisites: CHE 341, previously or concurrently; and the consent of the instructor. Closed to students who have taken CHE 446.

CHE 350. Special Topics (1-3)

A study of areas in chemical engineering not covered in courses presently listed in the catalog. May be repeated for credit if different material is presented.

CHE 364. Numerical Methods in Engineering (3)

Survey of the principal numerical algorithms for: (1) functional approximation, (2) linear and nonlinear algebraic equations, (3) initial and boundary-value ordinary differential equations and (4) elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic partial differential equations. Analysis of the computational characteristics of numerical algorithms, including algorithm structure, accuracy, convergence, stability and the effect of computer characteristics, e.g., the machine epsilon and dynamic range. Applications of mathematical software in science and engineering.

CHE 373. (CE 373) Fundamentals of Air Pollution (3)

Introduction to the problems of air pollution including such topics as: sources and dispersion of pollutants; sampling and analysis; technology of economics and control processes; legislation and standards. Prerequisite: senior standing in the College of Engineering and Applied Science.

CHE 380. Design Projects (1-6) fall-spring

Design project work as a member of a team preferably including students from different disciplines. The project attacks a problem which, when possible, involves one of the local communities or industries. Specific projects are normally guided by faculty from several departments with consultants from off-campus. The course may be repeated for credit.

CHE 386. Process Control (3) fall

Open-loop and closed-loop stability analysis using root locus and Nyquist techniques, design of feedback controllers with time and frequency domain specifications. Experimental process identification. Control of multivariable processes. Introduction to sampled-data control theory. Prerequisite: CHE 242 or equivalent.

CHE 387. (ECE 387, ME 387) Digital Control (3) spring

Sampled-data systems; z-transforms; pulse transfer functions; stability in the z-plane; root locus and frequency response design methods; minimal prototype design; digital control hardware; discrete state variables; state transition matrix; Liapunov stability state feedback control (2 lectures and one laboratory per week). Prerequisite: CHE 386 or ECE 212 or ME 343 or consent of instructor.

CHE 388. (CHEM 388, MAT 388) Polymer Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory (3) spring

Techniques include: free radical and condensation polymerization; molecular weight distribution by gel chromatography; crystallinity and order by differential scanning calorimetry; pyrolysis and gas chromatography; dynamic mechanical and dielectric behavior; morphology and microscopy; surface properties. Prerequisite: senior level standing in CHE, CHM or MAT, or permission of the instructor. (ES 2), (ED 1)

CHE 389. (ECE 389, ME 389) Control Systems Lab (2) spring

Experiments on a variety of mechanical, electrical and chemical dynamic control systems. Exposure to state-of-the-art control instrumentation: sensors, transmitters, control valves, analog and digital controllers. Emphasis on comparison of theoretical computer simulation predictions with actual experimental data. Lab teams will be interdisciplinary. Prerequisite: CHE 242, ECE 212, or ME 343. (ES 1), (ED 1)

CHE 391. (CHEM 391) Colloid and Surface Chemistry (3)

Physical chemistry of everyday phenomena. Intermolecular forces and electrostatic phenomena at interfaces, boundary tensions and films at interfaces, mass and charge transport in colloidal suspensions, electrostatic and London forces in disperse systems, gas adsorption and heterogeneous catalysis. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.

CHE 392. (CHM 392) Introduction to Polymer Science (3) fall

Introduction to concepts of polymer science. Kinetics and mechanism of polymerization, synthesis and processing of polymers, characterization. Relationship of molecular conformation, structure and morphology to physical and mechanical properties. Prerequisite: CHM 187 or equivalent.

CHE 393. (CHM 393, MAT 393) Physical Polymer Science (3) fall

Structural and physical aspects of polymers (organic, inorganic, natural). Molecular and atomic basis for polymer properties and behavior. Characteristics of glassy, crystalline, and paracrystal-line states (including viscoelastic and relaxation behavior) for single-and multi-component systems. Thermodynamics and kinetics of transition phenomena. Structure, morphology, and behavior. Prerequisite: senior level standing in CHE, CHEM, or MAT, or permission of the instructor.

CHE 394. (CHM 394) Organic Polymer Science I (3) spring

Organic chemistry of synthetic high polymers. Polymer nomenclature, properties, and applications. Functionality and reactivity or monomers and polymers. Mechanism and kinetics of step-growth and chain-growth polymerization in homogenous and heterogenous media. Brief description of emulsion polymerization, ionic polymerization, and copolymerization. Prerequisites: one year of physical chemistry and one year of organic chemistry. (NS)

Graduate Programs

The department of chemical engineering offers graduate programs leading to the master of science, master of engineering, and doctor of philosophy degrees. The programs are all custom tailored for individual student needs and professional goals. These individual programs are made possible by a diversity of faculty interests that are broadened and reinforced by cooperation between the department and several research centers on the campus.

A free flow of personnel and ideas between the centers and academic departments ensures that the student will have the widest choice of research activities. The student is also exposed to a wide range of ideas and information through courses and seminars to which both faculty and center personnel contribute. In addition, strong relationships with industry are maintained by the department and the research centers, some of which operate industrially-sponsored liaison programs whereby fundamental nonproprietary research is performed in areas of specific interest to participating sponsors.

While the department has interacted with most of the centers on campus, it has had unusually strong and continuing liaisons with Emulsion Polymers Institute, Process Modeling and Control Research Center, and Materials Research Center. The Department also has a strong relation with the Bioengineering Program.

In addition to interacting with the centers, the department originates and encourages programs that range from those that are classical chemical engineering to those that are distinctly interdisciplinary. The department offers active and growing programs in adhesion and tribology; emulsion polymerization and latex technology; bulk polymer systems; process control; process improvement studies; rheology; computer applications; environmental engineering; thermodynamics; kinetics and catalysis; enzyme technology; and biochemical engineering.

Career Opportunities

Master of science, master of engineering, and doctor of philosophy graduates in the chemical engineering area are sought by industry for activities in the more technical aspects of their operations, especially design, process and product development, and research. Many of these graduates also find opportunities in research or project work in government agencies and in university teaching and research.

Physical Facilities

The department is well equipped for research in colloids and surface science, adhesion and tribology, polymer science and engineering, catalysis and reaction kinetics, thermodynamic property studies, fluid dynamics, heat and mass transfer, process dynamics and control, and enzyme engineering and biochemical engineering.

The departmental and university computing facilities include PCs and workstations, connected by a university-wide high speed network, which in turn provides worldwide networking via the Internet/WWW.

All of these facilities can access a wide variety of general-purpose, and scientific and engineering software via the university and local networks, including software specifically for the steady state and dynamic simulation of chemical engineering systems. The networks are extended as needed to ensure the chemical engineering department has access to the latest computing technology.

Special Programs

Polymer Science and Engineering. The polymers activity includes work done in the Department of Chemical Engineering as well as the Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science, and Physics, the Materials Research Center, the Center for Polymer Science and Engineering, the Emulsion Polymers Institute, and the Polymer Interfaces Center. More than 20 faculty members from these organizations or areas have major interests in polymers and cooperate on a wide range of research projects. For students with deep interest in the area, degree programs are available leading to the master of science, master of engineering, and doctor of philosophy degrees in polymer science and engineering.

There are three major polymer research thrusts in which chemical engineering students and faculty are involved. These are polymer colloids (latexes), polymer interfaces, and polymer materials. The Emulsion Polymers Institute, with strong industrial support, sponsors projects in the preparation of monosize polymer particles, in mechanisms and kinetics of emulsion, miniemulsion and dispersion polymerization, in latex particle morphology and film-formation, and in rheological properties of latexes and thickeners. The Polymer Interfaces Center has programs in adsorption/characterization, wetting/adhesion, and mechanical behavior. The Engineering Polymers Laboratory investigates the behavior of bulk polymer materials, focusing on multicomponent polymers and composites.

Distance Education

The Department offers some of its regular credit courses each semester via satellite and the World Wide Web for engineers in industry and government. These offerings, which are administered by the Distance Education Office, can lead to the Master of Engineering degree in Chemical Engineering or in Biological Chemical Engineering.

Major Requirements

All candidates for the Master of Science degree are required to complete a research report or thesis for which six hours of graduate credit are earned. Course selection is done individually for each student, although CHE 400, CHE 410, CHE 415 and CHE 452 are required.

Candidates for the Master of Engineering degree do not do research; all 30 credit hours are fulfilled by course work. Course selection is done individually for each student within the University requirements for a master's degree.

In addition to an approved course and thesis program, the Ph.D. student must pass a qualification examination given during the second year of residence.

Advanced Courses in Chemical Engineering

CHE 400. Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics (3) fall

Applications of thermodynamics in chemical engineering. Topics include energy and entropy, heat effects accompanying solution, flow of compressible fluids, refrigeration including solution cycles, vaporization and condensation processes, and chemical equilibria. Prerequisite: an introductory course in thermodynamics.

CHE 401. Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics II (3) spring, every other year

A detailed study of the uses of thermodynamics in predicting phase equilibria in solid, liquid, and gaseous systems. Fugacities of gas mixtures, liquid mixtures, and solids. Solution theories; uses of equations of state; high-pressure equilibria.

CHE 410. Chemical Reaction Engineering (3) spring

The application of chemical kinetics to the engineering design and operation of reactors. Non-isothermal and adiabatic reactions. Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Residence time distribution in reactors. Prerequisite: CHE 211.

CHE 413. Heterogeneous Catalysis and Surface Characterization (3) fall, every other year

History and concepts of heterogeneous catalysis. Surface characterization techniques, and atomic structure of surfaces and adsorbed monolayers. Kinetics of elementary steps (adsorption, desorption, and surface reaction) and overall reactions. Catalysis by metals, metal oxides, and sulfides. Industrial applications of catalysis: selective oxidation, pollution control, ammonia synthesis, hydrogenation of carbon monoxide to synthetic fuels and chemicals, polymerization, hydrotreating, and cracking.

CHE 415. Transport Processes (4) spring

A combined study of the fundamentals of momentum transport, energy transport and mass transport and the analogies between them. Evaluation of transport coefficients for single and multicomponent systems. Analysis of transport phenomena through the equations of continuity, motion, and energy. Prerequisite: CHE 461 or equivalent.

CHE 419. (MECH 419) Asymptotic Methods in the Engineering Sciences (3)

Introductory level course with emphasis on practical applications. Material covered includes: Asymptotic expansions. Regular and singular perturbations; algebraic problems. Asymptotic matching. Boundary value problems; distinguished limits. Multiple scale expansion. W.K.B. Theory. Non-linear wave equations.

CHE 428. Rheology (3)

An intensive study of momentum transfer in elastic viscous liquids. Rheological behavior of solution and bulk phase polymers with emphasis on the effect of molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and branching. Derivation of constitutive equations based on both molecular theories and continuum mechanics principles. Application of the momentum equation and selected constitutive equations to geometries associated with viscometric flows. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.

CHE 430. Mass Transfer (3) fall, every other year

Theory and developments of the basic diffusion and mass transfer equations and transfer coefficients including simultaneous heat and mass transfer, chemical reaction and dispersion effects. Applications to various industrially important operations including continuous contact mass transfer, absorption, humidification, etc. Brief coverage of equilibrium stage operations as applied to absorption and to binary and multicomponent distillation.

CHE 433. (ECE 433, ME 433) State Space Control (3) fall

State-space methods of feedback control system design and design optimization for invariant and time-varying deterministic, continuous systems; pole positioning, observability, controllability, modal control, observer design, the theory of optimal processes and Pontryagin's Maximum Principle, the linear quadratic optimal regulator problem, Lyapunov functions and stability theorems, linear optimal open-loop control; introduction to the calculus of variations; introduction to the control of distributed parameter systems. Intended for engineers with a variety of backgrounds. Examples will be drawn from mechanical, electrical and chemical engineering applications. Prerequisite: ME 343 or ECE 212 or CHE 386 or consent of instructor.

CHE 434. (ECE 434, ME 434) Multivariable Process Control (3)

A state-of-the-art review of multivariable methods of interest to process control applications. Design techniques examined include loop interaction analysis, frequency domain methods (Inverse Nyquist Array, Characteristic Loci and Singular Value Decomposition) feed forward control, internal model control and dynamic matrix control. Special attention is placed on the interaction of process design and process control. Most of the above methods are used to compare the relative performance of intensive and extensive variable control structures. Prerequisite: CHE 433 or ME 433 or ECE 433 or consent of instructor.

CHE 436. (ECE 436, ME 436) Systems Identification (3)

The determination of model parameters from time-history and frequency response data by graphical, deterministic and stochastic methods. Examples and exercises taken from process industries, communications and aerospace testing. Regression, quasilinearization and invariant-imbedding techniques for nonlinear system parameter identification included. Prerequisite: CHE 433 or ME 433 or ECE 433 or consent of instructor.

CHE 437. (ECE 437, ME 437) Stochastic Control (3)

Linear and nonlinear models for stochastic systems. Controllability and observability. Minimum variance state estimation. Linear quadratic Gausian control problem. Computational considerations. Nonlinear control problem in stochastic systems. Prerequisite: CHE 433 or ME 433 or ECE 433 or consent of instructor.

CHE 438. Process Modeling and Control Seminar (1) fall-spring

Presentations and discussions on current methods, approaches, and applications. Credit cannot be used for the M.S. degree.

CHE 440. Chemical Engineering in the Life Sciences (3)

Introduction of important topics in life sciences to chemical engineers. Topics include protein and biomolecule structures and characterization, recombinant DNA technology, immunoaffinity technology, combinatorial chemistry, metabolic engineering, bioinformatics. Prerequisite: Bachelor's degree in science or engineering.

CHE 441. Biotechnology I (3) fall

See the course description listed for CHE 341. In order to receive 400-level credits, the student must do an additional, more advanced term project, as defined by the instructor at the beginning of the course. Closed to students who have taken CHE 341.

CHE 442. Biotechnology II (3) spring

See the course description listed for CHE 342. In order to receive 400-level credits, the student must do an additional, more advanced term project, as defined by the instructor at the beginning of the course. Closed to students who have taken CHE 342.

CHE 444. Bioseparations (3)

Separation techniques for biomolecule isolation and purification. Theory and problems of bioaffinity chromatography, electromigration processes, and aqueous two-phase polymer extraction systems. Engineering principles for scaling-up bioseparation processes. Prerequisite: Consent of the instructor.

CHE 446. Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (3)

Laboratory and pilot-scale experiments in fermentation and enzyme technology, tissue culture, and separations techniques. Prerequisites: CHE 341 and CHE 444 or CHE 342 previously or concurrently. Closed to students who have taken CHE 346.

CHE 448. Topics in Biochemical Engineering (3)

Analysis, discussion, and review of current literature for a topical area of biotechnology. Course may be repeated for credit with the consent of the instructor. Prerequisite: Consent of the instructor.

CHE 450. Special Topics (1-12)

An intensive study of some field of chemical engineering not covered in the more general courses. Credit above three hours is granted only when different material is covered.

CHE 451. Problems in Research (1)

Study and discussion of optimal planning of experiments and analysis of experimental data. Discussion of more common and more difficult techniques in the execution of chemical engineering research.

CHE 452 (ME/ENGR 452). Mathematical Methods in Eng. I (3) Fall

Analytical techniques relevant to the engineering sciences are described. Vector spaces; eigenvalues; eigenvectors. Linear ordinary differential equations; diagonalizable and non- diagonalizable systems. Inhomogeneous linear systems; variation of parameters. Non-linear systems; stability; phase plane. Series solutions of linear ordinary differential equations; special functions. Laplace and Fourier transforms; application to partial differential equations and integral equations. Sturm-Liouville theory. Finite Fourier transforms; planar, cylindrical, and spherical geometries.

CHE 455. Seminar (1-3) fall-spring

Critical discussion of recent advances in chemical engineering. Credit above one hour is granted only when different material is covered.

CHE 460. Chemical Engineering Project (1-6)

An intensive study of one or more areas of chemical engineering, with emphasis on engineering design and applications. A written report is required. May be repeated for credit.

CHE 464. Numerical Methods in Engineering (3)

See the course description listed for CHE 364. In order to receive 400-level credits the student must do an additional, more advanced term project, as defined by the instructor at the beginning of the course.

CHE 473. (CE 473) Environmental Separation and Control (3)

Theory and application of adsorption, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, air stripping and chemical oxidation in water and wastewater treatment. Modeling engineered treatment processes. Prerequisite: CE 470 or consent of the instructor.

CHE 480. Research (3)

Investigation of a problem in chemical engineering.

CHE 481. Research (3)

Continuation of CHE 480.

CHE 482. (CHM 482, MAT 482) Engineering Behavior of Polymers (3)

A treatment of the mechanical behavior of polymers. Characterization of experimentally observed viscoelastic response of polymeric solids with the aid of mechanical model analogs. Topics include time-temperature superposition, experimental characterization of large deformation and fracture processes, polymer adhesion, and the effects of fillers, plasticizers, moisture and aging on mechanical behavior.

CHE 483. (CHM 483) Emulsion Polymers (3) fall

Examination of fundamental concepts important in the manufacture, characterization, and application of polymer latexes. Topics to be covered will include colloidal stability, polymerization mechanisms and kinetics, reactor design, characterization of particle surfaces, latex rheology, morphology considerations, polymerization with functional groups, film formation and various application problems.

CHE 485. (CHM 485, MAT 485) Polymer Blends and Composites (3) spring, every other year

Synthesis, morphology, and mechanical behavior of polymer blends and composites. Mechanical blends, block and graft copolymers, interpenetrating polymer networks, polymer impregnated concrete, and fiber and particulate reinforced polymers are emphasized. Prerequisite: any introductory course in polymers.

CHE 486. Polymer Processing (3)

Application of fundamental principles of mechanics, fluid dynamics and heat transfer to the analysis of a wide variety of polymer flow processes. A brief survey of the rheological behavior of polymers is also included. Topics include pressurization, pumping, die forming, calendering, coating, molding, fiber spinning and elastic phenomena. Prerequisite: CHE 392 or equivalent.

CHE 487. Polymer Interfaces (3) spring, every other year

An intensive study of polymer surfaces and interfaces, with special emphasis on thermodynamics, kinetics, and techniques for characterization. Chemistry and physics of adsorbed polymer chains. Diffusion and adhesion at polymer-polymer interfaces, especially as related to mechanical properties such as fracture and toughness will be described. Prerequisite: Introductory polymer course.

CHE 492. (CHM 492) Topics in Polymer Science (3)

Intensive study of topic selected from areas of current research interest such as morphology and mechanical behavior, thermodynamics and kinetics of crystallization, new analytical techniques, molecular weight distribution, non-Newtonian flow behavior, second-order transition phenomena, novel polymer structures. Credit above three hours is granted only when different material is covered. Prerequisite: CHEM 392 or equivalent.

Chemistry

Professors. Robert A. Flowers, II, Ph.D. (Lehigh), chair; Jack A. Alhadeff, Ph.D. (Oregon Medical School); Ned D. Heindel, Ph.D. (Delaware), Howard S. Bunn Professor of Chemistry; Kamil Klier, Ph.D. (Czechoslovak Academy of Science, Prague), University Distinguished Professor; Bruce E. Koel, Ph.D. (Texas-Austin); Steven L. Regen, Ph.D. (M.I.T.), University Distinguished Professor; Keith J. Schray, Ph.D. (Penn State).

Associate professors. Gregory S. Ferguson, Ph.D. (Cornell); Natalie Foster, Ph.D. (Lehigh); James E. Roberts, Ph.D. (Northwestern).

Assistant professors. K. Jebrell Glover, Ph.D. (California-San Diego); Kai Landskron, Ph.D. (Ludwig Maximillians-Munich); Tianbo Liu, Ph.D. (SUNY at Stony Brook); David T. Moore, Ph.D. (UNC-Chapel Hill); Dmitri V. Vezenov, Ph.D. (Harvard).

Professors of Practice. Rebecca S. Miller, Ph.D. (Duke), faculty graduate administrator; R. Sam Niedbala, Ph.D. (Lehigh).

CESAR fellows. James J. Bohning, Ph.D. (Northeastern); Robert D. Rapp, Ph.D. (Lehigh); Dennis R. Patterson, Ph.D. (Chicago); Tibor Sipos, Ph.D. (Lehigh).

Active emeriti. John W. Larsen, Ph.D. (Purdue); Gary W. Simmons, Ph.D. (Virginia); James E. Sturm, Ph.D. (Notre Dame); Daniel Zeroka, Ph.D. (Pennsylvania).

Chemistry is a versatile subject area and the pursuit of a career in chemistry can be a most intellectually satisfying experience. No other basic science touches and shapes as many aspects of modern society as does chemistry. The study of chemistry has provided solutions to complex problems and has improved the quality of all phases of human life from soft contact lenses and synthetic blood to longer-lasting paint and alternative fuels. A particular strength of this department is in surface and interface chemistry, which bridges many areas of modern science and technology.

Chemists at all levels of education find a market for their skills and knowledge in many employment areas. Chemists provide the technical backbone for the manufacturing industries (pharmaceuticals, plastics, paper, semiconductor electronics technology, and agriculture), for service industries (clinical and forensic laboratories, academe, environmental protection, and information science) and for governmental positions in regulatory agencies and in science policy analyses. Many chemists are employed in nontraditional areas, such as patent law, insurance underwriting, sales, product management, journalism, and even banking.

The alluring challenge of chemistry inspires many bachelor degree recipients to study for advanced degrees within the discipline of chemistry and in other areas, as well. Chemistry or biochemistry is the strongest preparation for graduate studies or for professional school in the health-related disciplines (medicine, pharmacology, and biochemistry), and for other science programs (materials science, polymers, biotechnology, environmental studies, and mineralogy).

The study of chemistry opens doors to satisfying careers, to a stimulating view of the world, and to a professional life in which one's natural tendency to ask "Why?" can lead to personally rewarding endeavors. The undergraduate curriculum in chemistry contains many of the prerequisites for biology, earth and environmental sciences, materials science, molecular biology, physics, and chemical engineering, allowing students to transfer the majority of credits through the sophomore year.

Chemistry students have the opportunity to design their undergraduate curricula for specialization in a variety of fields through the ChemFlex curriculum.

The ChemFlex Curriculum

The Department of Chemistry offers three degrees in the College of Arts and Sciences: the B.S. in Chemistry, the B.A. in Chemistry and the B.S. in Pharmaceutical Chemistry and an interdepartmental B.S. Biochemistry degree with the Department of Biological Sciences; in the College of Engineering and Applied Science the degree of B.S. in Chemistry is offered. In the College of Arts and Sciences the B.S. in Chemistry and B.A. in Chemistry programs have a flexibility in the curricula, called ChemFlex, which allows a student to concentrate in a specific area if he/she wishes to do so. The concentrations possible for the B.S. are Physical/Analytical, Polymers, and Materials, whereas for the B.A. areas of possible concentration are Business and Health Professions. The alternate concentrations share a Common Chemistry Core and one of two paths of the collateral coursework, Path A or Path B. The traditional American Chemical Society certified B.S. degree is also offered. The B.S. degree in the College of Engineering is closest to the traditional ACS approved degree in the College of Arts and Sciences. All B.S. chemistry programs have a Common Chemistry Core and similar collateral science requirements and are pre-professional in nature. Students planning to attend graduate school in chemistry or an allied science should elect the B.S. program in whichever college they have been admitted. The B.A. program in the College of Arts and Sciences is not a pre-professional program and may be elected by students who do not plan to do graduate work in chemistry or allied sciences but wish a stronger background in chemistry than is provided in the chemistry minor program. The B.A. program also affords a useful tie-in with business and health professions options. Students may transfer from the B.S. to B.A. programs easily but the reverse is somewhat more difficult to arrange. Students who are in the B.A. program and make a late decision to attend graduate school in chemistry or allied sciences will have minimal chemistry preparation for this by electing Chemistry 307, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry.

Department Modern Language and Literature Requirement.

The modern foreign language requirement is met by one of three options: 1. Completion of the second semester of a modern foreign language; 2. Certification of language equivalent to this level taken in high school; 3. Substitution of six credits of science electives. If science electives are chosen, the non-science distribution requirement must still be met.

Degrees in the College of Arts and Sciences

In the College of Arts and Sciences the Chemistry Department offers three degrees: a B.S. in Chemistry, a B.A. in Chemistry and a B.S. in Pharmaceutical Chemistry with an interdepartmental B.S. Biochemistry degree with the Department of Biological Sciences. The ChemFlex Curriculum allows the flexibility for a student to develop a concentration in a specific area if he/she wishes to do so. The specific concentrations are noted in the following Table.

Table: ChemFlex Curriculum Overview

*   Common Chemistry Core
**  Courses required for specific concentration
a   Path A
b   Path B

With regard to the B.S. in Pharmaceutical Chemistry the pharmaceutical industry is focused on exploring the biochemistry of disease and designing or finding drugs to cure or ameliorate disease. Biochemists, organic chemists, biologists, and chemical engineers collaborate to achieve this end. The majority of chemists hired today go into the pharmaceutical industry. The B.S. in Pharmaceutical Chemistry is a chemistry degree option which focuses on core chemistry, biochemistry, and molecular biology to prepare students for careers in this field. Since it is a highly interdisciplinary field it requires the breadth of knowledge offered by this degree program.

Freshman chemistry courses

The freshman courses CHM 25 and CHM 75 have similar course content. If both courses are taken, only credit for CHM 75, the more advanced course, will be awarded.

Common Chemistry Core

Collateral requirements

SPECIALIZATIONS

B.S. Chemistry (ACS certified Degree)

Common core, Path A, and the following

*** See list of choices which follows.

Advanced Chemistry Elective Requirement

One 3-credit course selected from the following:

B.S. Chemistry - Analytical/Physical Concentration

Common core, Path A, and the following

B.S. Chemistry - Polymers Concentration

Common core, Path A, and the following

B.S. Chemistry - Materials Concentration

B.A. Chemistry

Common core, Path A or B and the following:

B.A. Chemistry - Business Concentration

B.A. Chemistry - Health Professions Concentration

Common core, Path A or B, and the following:

B.S. Pharmaceutical Chemistry

Common core, Path A or B, and the following:

***MATH 12 may be substituted by any statistics course.

Model Roster When Path A is Followed

freshman year (31 credits)

sophomore year (32 credits)

Note that some concentrations would insert courses such as MATH 12, BIOS 41/42 (B.S. Pharmaceutical Chemistry), ECO 1 (B.A.-Business), etc.

junior year/senior year (30-32 credits)

Student will need to meet with major advisor in order to formulate courses to be taken.

Model Roster When Path B is Followed

freshman year (32 credits)

sophomore year (30 credits)

Note that some concentrations would insert courses such as MATH 12, BIOS 41/42 (B.S. Pharmaceutical Chemistry), ECO 1 (B.A.-Business), etc.

junior year/senior year (30-32 credits)

Student will need to meed with major advisor in order to formulate courses to be taken.

B.S. Degree in Chemistry, College of Engineering & Applied Science

Summary of Requirements

Model Roster

freshman year (30-31 credits)

A student should follow the normal freshman year in the College of Engineering and Applied Science and observe the following note.

Note: It is recommended that, where possible, students planning to major in chemistry take Chemistry 75 in the fall semester and Chemistry 76 in the spring semester of the freshman year. For such students the elective in the spring semester is displaced to a subsequent semester. The Chemistry 25/31 sequence may be substituted.

sophomore year, first semester (17 credits)

sophomore year, second semester (15 credits)

junior year, first semester (16-17 credits)

junior year, second semester (15 credits)

senior year, first semester (14 credits)

senior year, second semester (14 credits)

*See list of choices for the advanced chemistry elective requirement under the B.S. degree in chemistry/College of Arts and Sciences.

**This becomes a free elective if the advanced chemistry elective requirement was taken in the fall of the senior year.

Five-Year Bachelor’s/Master’s Programs

Five-year programs may be arranged for students to receive B.S. or B.A. degrees and the M.S. degrees in chemistry with a concentration in one of several fields of chemistry (inorganic, organic, analytical, physical, polymers, biochemistry). A specific program offered by the Department of Chemistry is the five-year B.S./M.S. program, which focuses on materials education from a chemistry perspective. Students are awarded B.S. and M.S. degrees in chemistry upon completion of all requirements. Specific features of the program include participation in a weekly seminar during the academic year for credit, and summer internships for credit in university, industrial, government, or national laboratories. Materials-related electives are selected from suggested lists of courses in materials science, polymers, solid-state chemistry and physics. Additional information may be obtained from Professor Klier.

B.S. in Biochemistry

An interdepartmental B.S. in Biochemistry major is offered in the College of Arts and Sciences. Faculty in both Chemistry (Schray) and Biological Sciences (Lowe-Krentz and Iovine) serve as advisors depending on student interest. Majors should be declared in the Department of Biological Sciences. Please see the section on biochemistry for details of the major.

Minor in Chemistry

A minor in chemistry may be achieved by completing the following requirements:

CHM 31 Chemical Equilibria in Aqueous Systems (4)
or
CHM 76 Concepts Models, Exper. II (4)

CHM 51 Organic Chemistry I (3)

CHM 53 Organic Chemistry Laboratory I (1)

CHM 332 Analytical Chemistry (3)

CHM 341 Molecular Structure, Bonding and Dynamics (4)
or
CHM 342 Thermodynamics and Kinetics (4)

CHM 343 Physical Chemistry Lab (1)

Total Credits (15 credits)

Necessary pre- or co-requisites for the above would be CHM 25 or 75 and MATH 21.

Students who wish to minor in chemistry but whose major program requires any of the above courses may achieve the minor with substitutions approved by the department chair.

CESAR

The Center for Emeritus Scientists in Academic Research (CESAR) was established in 1999 and provides a unique opportunity for Chemistry or Biology majors to partner with retired scientists who have a desire to continue their industrial research. Through the program, CESAR Fellows mentor students, enhance student opportunities to conduct research, and provide singular insight into the world of industrial chemistry. In return, Lehigh University provides administrative support, research laboratories and equipment to specially selected retired scientists from industry. Further details can be found at the web site: http://cas.lehigh.edu/casweb/content/default.aspx?pageid=520.

Undergraduate Courses in Chemistry

CHM 5. Chemistry and National Issues (3) spring

For majors other than science and engineering. Chemistry and current controversies. The atmosphere: global warming, ozone depletion, pollution. Water pollution and treatment. Energy generation and side effects. Health: chemicals of life, drugs, carcinogens, personal care. Materials: natural and synthetic. Food: production and preservation. Chemistry: benefits and liabilities. (NS)

CHM 25. Introduction to Chemical Properties (4)

An introduction to important topics in chemistry: atomic structure, properties of matter, chemical reactions, energy, structure and bonding in organic and inorganic compounds, chemical equilibrium. The course features a lecture tightly linked to a three-hour studio experience that combines laboratory work and recitation. (NS)

CHM 31. Chemical Equilibria in Aqueous Systems (3) fall-spring

A study of the theoretical basis and practical applications of equilibria in aqueous solutions, including acid-base, precipitation-solubility, metal-ligand, oxidation-reduction and distribution equilibria. Introduction to chemical thermodynamics, spectrophotometry, potentiometry and chromatography. The laboratory work emphasizes the qualitative and quantitative analysis of equilibria in aqueous media. Prerequisite: CHM 25, MATH 21, 31 or 51. Two lectures and one three-hour laboratory period. (NS)

CHM 51. Organic Chemistry I (3) fall

Systematic survey of the typical compounds of carbon, their classification, and general relations; study of synthetic reactions. Prerequisite: CHM 25 or 75. (NS)

CHM 52. Organic Chemistry II (3) spring

Continuation of CHM 51. Prerequisite: CHM 51. (NS)

CHM 53. Organic Chemistry Laboratory I (1) fall

Preparation of pure organic compounds. Modern techniques of characterization. Prerequisite: CHM 51 previously or concurrently. (NS)

CHM 58. Organic Chemistry Laboratory II (1) spring

Continuation of Organic Chemistry Laboratory I. Prerequisite: CHM 53 previously; CHM 52 previously or concurrently. (NS)

CHM 75. Concepts, Models and Experiments I (4) fall

A first-semester course in chemistry for students planning to major in chemistry, biochemistry, chemical engineering, materials science, or other chemistry-related fields. Chemical and physical properties, structures, bonding concepts, and quantitative analysis. Laboratory includes synthesis, separation and analysis procedures; computer applications to chemistry. Three lectures, one laboratory. (NS)

CHM 76. Concepts, Models and Experiments II (4) spring

Continuation of Chemistry 75. Three lectures, one laboratory. Prerequisite: CHM 75 or departmental consent. (NS)

CHM 177. Introduction to Research (1-2) fall-spring

For advanced freshmen and sophomore chemistry majors. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: Consent of department chair. (NS)

CHM 194. Physical Chemistry for Biological Sciences (3) spring

The principles and applications of physical chemical concepts to systems of biological interest, including the gas laws, thermodynamics of metabolic reactions, colligative properties, electrochemical equilibria, reaction kinetics and enzyme catalysis, and transport of macromolecules and viruses. Prerequisite: CHM 25 or 75. (NS)

CHM 201. Technical Writing (2)

Principal types of written communications used by professional chemists including informative abstracts, research proposals, progress reports, executive summaries for nonchemist decision makers and proper written experimental procedures, tables, schemes and figures. Prerequisite: junior standing in chemistry major or consent of the department chair. (ND)

CHM 250. Special Topics (1-3)

Selected topics in chemistry. May be repeated for credit when different topics are offered. (NS)

CHM 301. Chemistry Seminar (1)

A course designed for seniors will involve the literature research of a topic of the student's choosing followed by a 35 minute oral presentation to the class and professor. Prerequisite: Senior standing. (NS)

CHM 307. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (3) spring

Introduction to transition metal complexes; theories of bonding; kinetics and mechanisms of transition metal complex reactions; selected aspects of organometallic chemistry; bioinorganic chemistry. Prerequisite: CHM 341. (NS)

CHM 312. (CHE 312, MAT 312) Fundamentals of Corrosion (3) fall

Corrosion phenomena and definitions. Electrochemical aspects including reaction mechanisms, thermodynamics, Pourbaix diagrams, kinetics of corrosion processes, polarization and passivity. Non-electrochemical corrosion including mechanisms, theories and quantitative descriptions of atmospheric corrosion. Corrosion of metals under stress. Cathodic and anodic protection, coatings alloys, inhibitors, and passivators. Prerequisite: MAT 205 or CHM 342. (NS)

CHM 332. Analytical Chemistry (3) fall

Theory and practice of chemical analysis. Principles of quantitative separations and determinations; theory and application of selected optical and electrical instruments in analytical chemistry; interpretation of numerical data, design of experiments, solute distribution in separation methods. Prerequisites: CHM 31 and 51. (NS)

CHM 334. Advanced Chemistry Laboratory I (3) fall

Exploration of synthetic methods and analysis techniques for inorganic and organic compounds. Determination of product structures and quantitative analysis using modern chemical analysis techniques, including NMR, GC-MS, GC, HPLC, FT-IR, and XPS. Prerequisites: one year of organic chemistry. Prerequisite: CHM 51, 52, 53, 58 and pre- or co-requisite: CHM 332 (NS)

CHM 335. Advanced Chemistry Laboratory II (3) spring

Content related to CHM 334. Prerequisite: CHM 51, 52, 53, 58, 332 and 334.

CHM 336. Clinical Chemistry (3) spring

Applications of analytical chemistry to clinical problems. Discussion of methods in common use and the biochemical-medical significance of the results. Prerequisites: CHM 332 and 52. Schray. (NS)

CHM 337. (MAT 333) X-ray Diffraction of Materials (3) fall

Introduction to crystal symmetry, point groups, and space groups. Emphasis on materials characterization by X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction. Specific topics include crystallographic notation, stereographic projections, orientation of single crystals, textures, phase identification, quantitative analysis, stress measurement, electron diffraction, ring and spot patterns, convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED), and space group determination. Applications in mineralogy, metallurgy, ceramics, microelectronics, polymers, and catalysts. Lectures and laboratory work. Prerequisite: MAT 203 or EES 131 or senior standing in chemistry. Lyman, Chan. (NS)

CHM 341. Molecular Structure, Bonding and Dynamics (4)

Nature of chemical bonding as related to structure and properties of molecules and extended systems. Quantum chemistry of atoms and molecules applied to chemical transformations and spectroscopic transitions. Symmetry analysis and selections rules. Computational and spectroscopic lab involving acquisition and interpretation of electronic, vibrational and rotational spectra. Prerequisites: Phy 13 or 21, Math 205 or 43. (NS)

CHM 342. Thermodynamics and Kinetics (4)

Development of the principles of classical and statistical thermodynamics and their application to chemical systems. In classical thermodynamics emphasis will be on systems in which composition is of major concern: solutions, chemical and phase equilibria, and electrochemistry. Kinetic theory of gases; chemical reaction kinetics; chemical reaction dynamics. Prerequisite: Phy 13 or 21, Math 205 or 43. (NS)

CHM 343. Physical Chemistry Laboratory (1)

Laboratory studies that illustrate and extend the various fields of study in experimental physical chemistry as discussed in CHM 341 and CHM 342. Prerequisite: CHM 194 or CHE 210 or {CHM 341 and corequisite Chm 342}. (NS).

CHM 345. Thermodynamics and Kinetics (3)

Development of the principles of classical and statistical thermodynamics and their application to chemical systems. In classical thermodynamics emphasis will be on systems in which composition is of major concern: solutions, chemical and phase equilibria, and electrochemistry. Kinetic theory of gases; chemical reaction kinetics; chemical reaction dynamics. Prerequisite: Department permission required. This course is intended as a course for graduate students achieving their proficiency in physical chemistry and will consist of the lectures only of CHM 342.

CHM 350. Special Topics (1-3)

Selected advanced topics in chemistry. May be repeated for credit when different topics are offered. (NS)

CHM 358. Advanced Organic Chemistry (3) fall

Reaction mechanism types and supporting physical-chemical data. Classes of mechanisms include elimination, substitution, rearrangement, oxidation-reduction, enolate alkylations, and others. Prerequisite: one year of organic chemistry. (NS)

CHM 368. Advanced Organic Laboratory (2)

The synthesis and study of organic compounds illustrating the important techniques and special pieces of apparatus commonly used in organic chemical research. Prerequisite: one year of organic chemistry and laboratory. (NS)

CHM 371. (BIOS 371) Elements of Biochemistry I (3) fall

A general study of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other biological substances and their importance in life processes. Protein and enzyme chemistry are emphasized. Prerequisite: one year of organic chemistry. (NS)

CHM 372. (BIOS 372) Elements of Biochemistry II (3) spring

Dynamic aspects of biochemistry: enzyme reactions including energetics, kinetics and mechanisms, metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, photosynthesis, electron transport mechanisms, coupled reactions, phosphorylations, and the synthesis of biological macromolecules. Prerequisite: CHM 371 and BIOS 41 or consent of the instructor. (NS)

CHM 375. Research Chemistry Laboratory (1-3) fall-spring

An introduction to independent study or laboratory investigation under faculty guidance. Prerequisite: consent of faculty research supervisor. (NS)

CHM 376. Advanced Research Chemistry Laboratory (1-6) fall-spring

Advanced independent study or laboratory investigation under faculty guidance. Prerequisite: 3 credits of CHM 375. Consent of faculty research supervisor. May be repeated for credit. (NS)

CHM 377. (BIOS 377) Biochemistry Laboratory (3) fall

Laboratory studies of the properties of chemicals of biological origin and the influence of chemical and physical factors on these properties. Laboratory techniques used for the isolation and identification of biochemicals. Prerequisite: CHM 371, previously or concurrently, and BIOS 41 or consent of the instructor. (NS)

CHM 378. (BIOS 378) Biochemical Preparations (1-3) spring

A laboratory course involving the preparation or isolation, purification and identification of chemicals of biological origin. Prerequisites: CHM 377 and 372, previously or concurrently. (NS)

CHM 388. (CHE 388, MAT 388) Polymer Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory (3) spring

Techniques include: free radical and condensation polymerization; molecular weight distribution by gel chromatography; crystallinity and order by differential scanning calorimetry; pyrolysis and gas chromatography; dynamic mechanical and dielectric behavior; morphology and microscopy; surface properties. Prerequisites: CHM 342 and 51. (NS)

CHM 391. (CHE 391) Colloid and Surface Chemistry (3) fall

Physical chemistry of everyday phenomena. Intermolecular forces and electrostatic phenomena at interfaces, boundary tensions and films at interfaces, mass and charge transport in colloidal suspensions, electrostatic and London forces in disperse systems, gas adsorption and heterogeneous catalysis. Prerequisite: CHM 342 or equivalent. Chaudhury. (NS)

CHM 392. (CHE 392) Introduction to Polymer Science (3) spring

Introduction to concepts of polymer science. Kinetics and mechanisms of polymerization; synthesis and processing of polymers, characterization. Relationship of molecular conformation, structure and morphology to physical and mechanical properties. Prerequisite: CHM 342 or equivalent. (NS)

CHM 393. (CHE 393, MAT 393) Physical Polymer Science (3) fall

Structural and physical aspects of polymers (organic, inorganic, natural). Molecular and atomic basis for polymer properties and behavior. Characteristics of glassy, crystalline and paracrystalline states (including viscoelastic and relaxation behavior) for single- and multi-component systems. Thermodynamics and kinetics of transition phenomena. Structure, morphology and behavior. Prerequisite: one year of physical chemistry. (NS)

CHM 394. (CHE 394) Organic Polymer Science I (3) spring

Organic chemistry of synthetic high polymers. Polymer nomenclature, properties, and applications. Functionality and reactivity or monomers and polymers. Mechanism and kinetics of step-growth and chain-growth polymerization in homogenous and heterogenous media. Brief description of emulsion polymerization, ionic polymerization, and copolymerization. Prerequisites: one year of physical chemistry and one year of organic chemistry. (NS)

Graduate Programs in Chemistry

The department of chemistry offers graduate studies leading to several advanced degrees. These include master of science and doctor of philosophy degrees in chemistry. Master of science and doctor of philosophy degrees in chemistry may be obtained by study and research in any appropriate area of chemistry.

The chemistry department also admits students to the master of science and doctor of philosophy degree programs in polymer science and engineering. These are interdisciplinary programs which are described in Section IV of this catalog and are not administered by the chemistry department. The following information on admissions, proficiency examinations and other policies applies to the master of science and doctor of philosophy degrees in chemistry.

Admission to graduate study in chemistry assumes that a student has met, or is willing to meet though further study, minimum undergraduate requirements for a bachelor's degree in chemistry. This would include (beyond two semesters of introductory chemistry) two semesters of organic chemistry, two semesters of physical chemistry, two semesters of analytical chemistry and one semester of inorganic chemistry. A promising student whose degree is in a field related to chemistry (e.g., biology, chemical engineering) may be admitted to graduate study in chemistry provided that any deficiencies in basic chemistry preparation are made up in the first year of graduate study, noting that some of the courses required for this may not carry graduate credit.

The chemistry department will administer proficiency examinations at the advanced undergraduate level in analytical, biochemistry, inorganic, organic and physical chemistry to all regular graduate students at the time of matriculation. Each student is required to take three examinations. Information regarding material to be covered on these examinations will be sent to each student several months in advance of matriculation. It is expected that each student will prepare diligently for these tests. A student who performs well on one or more of these tests has an opportunity to take advanced level and special topics courses at an earlier than normal time and may in fact begin graduate research during the first year. A Ph.D. candidate must show proficiency in three areas and an M.S. candidate in two areas within the first year in residence. A student who fails one or more of the proficiency examinations will meet with Professor Miller, faculty graduate administrator, to determine an appropriate course of action in light of the exam performance, projected major and degree aspiration. Two optional routes are available for demonstration of proficiency. (1) The student through self-study and auditing of appropriate courses may prepare for a retaking of a proficiency examination at the beginning of the second semester in residence. (2) Alternatively, the student may enroll in appropriate 300 or 400 level courses during the first year in residence. A grade of B- or better in an appropriate 300-400 level course will be considered equivalent to passing the proficiency examination in that area. Courses taken as a means of demonstrating proficiency will be acceptable on the M.S. or Ph.D. graduate program.

The Master of Science in Chemistry degree requires a total of 30 credits, and may be obtained by one of three options: 1) a minimum of 30 course credits, 2) a minimum of 27 course credits and a 3 credit literature review paper (taken under CHM 421, Chemistry Research), or 3) a minimum of 24 course credits and 6 credits of experimental research (CHM 421). Each option requires a minimum of 18 credits at the 400 level (15 of which must be in chemistry) and one credit of CHM 481 (Seminar). There are no other specifically required courses for the M.S. degree, allowing each student to design a curriculum that fits their needs and interests. Normally, work for the master's degree can be completed in 18 calendar months of full-time study.

Completion of a doctor of philosophy degree program normally requires a minimum of four years full-time work after entrance with a bachelor's degree. There are few specific course credit requirements for the Ph.D.; however, approved degree programs generally have at least 24 hours of course work (including any applied toward a master's degree) and 6 credits of research. Thus, the program consists of approximately one-third formal course work and two-thirds independent study and research. There is a two-credit seminar requirement (CHM 481). After Ph.D. proficiency has been established and the research advisor selected (this must be done by the end of the first year in residence), the major hurdles are the doctoral examination in the student's area of concentration. This exam must be passed by the end of 2 1/2 years of residence. If this hurdle is surmounted, the remaining time is spent completing (and ultimately defending) the dissertation research under the guidance of the research advisor and the dissertation committee.

Current Research Projects

Current research projects of interest are listed below.

Analytical Chemistry. NMR studies of organic solids and polymers; electrochemical reduction and oxidation mechanisms of organic compounds; clinical-biomedical applications, mechanisms of electrode processes, adsorption; development of novel immunoassays; analysis of biologically important molecules; analytical microdevices.

Biochemistry. Characterization of lysosomal glycosidases and glycosyl transferases; functional role of carbohydrates in glycoproteins; abnormal glycoprotein metabolism in human diseases; development of in vitro evaluation techniques for prescreening candidate pharmaceuticals; membrane protein interactions; structural characterization of transmembrane domains; enzymology; small molecule assisted protein folding; inter- and intra-molecular interactions between biomolecules; and medicinal assay development.

Inorganic Chemistry. Synthesis, characterization and catalytic chemistry of transition metal organometallic complexes; applications of molecular mechanics and molecular orbital theories in studies of inorganic and organic derivatives of the representative main group elements and transition metals; synthesis of solid catalysts including oxides, sulfides, zeolites and supported metals; use of organometallic and coordination chemistry in the synthesis of thin-film materials, and as a guiding principle in adhesion. Use of organometallic chemistry as a vehicle for various catalytic transformations including polymerization and small molecule synthesis; lanthanide chemistry; solid state inorganic chemistry.

Materials and Polymer Chemistry. Inorganic and organometallic chemistry in the synthesis of thin-film materials; synthesis at and dynamics of polymer interfaces; polymerization catalysis; synthesis, structure, conformation and properties of high polymers; techniques and kinetics of emulsion polymerization and film formation; acoustic, optical, permeability, dielectric and mechanical behavior of thin films, coatings and bulk polymers; molecular structure, relaxation behavior and energetics of fracture; elastic and viscoelastic behavior of interpenetrating and rubbery networks; effects of ordering in the glassy state and crystallization on physical properties; crystallization under the influence of shear gradients; physical chemistry of polymer composites such as polymer-concrete and filled polymers; interfacial characteristics and interactions in polymer-inorganic systems; NMR studies of polymers in aqueous solutions and gels; ionic motion through polymer films; laser light scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering studies on polymer solutions; self assembly of block copolymers; polyelectrolytes and ion-containing solutions; nanofabrications in polmer systems; organic-inorganic hybrid solid state materials.

Organic Chemistry. Synthesis of medicinal agents, correlation of molecular structure with pharmacological behavior; chemical models for biochemical reactions; biosynthesis involving indole intermediates; chemistry of monolayers and organized molecule assemblages; drug carriers; synthetic ion conductors; Langmuir-Blodgett films; organometallic reaction mechanisms; organofluorine chemistry; protein folding and renaturation; molecular recognition; calorimetry; electrochemical studies of electron transfer reactions.

Physical Chemistry. Chemistry at surfaces and interfaces of catalysts, coatings, structural alloys and microelectronics using an array of surface sensitive methods; NMR and XPS imaging, ARXPS and ARUPS, surface diffraction methods including XPD, surface dynamics in nano, meso and macroscopic dimensions, theory including ab initio FLAPW-DFT for periodic systems for interpretation of XPS, UPS, optical, QNMR, FTIR and Raman spectra, as well as transition states both in thermal and photochemical reactions; NMR studies of polymer adsorption and polymer miscibility; applications of electronic structure theory to spectral simulation, reactivity, transition states, and excited states; statistical mechanics of order-disorder transitions; exploration of complex solution systems by using scattering techniques; physical chemistry of polymer solutions and colloidal suspensions; novel solution behaviors and self-assembly of nano-meter scaled hydrophilic macro-ions and biomacromolecules; intermolecular interactions in soft matter; chemical force microscopy.

Major Instrumentation

Chemistry research spans all areas: analytical, biochemistry, inorganic, organic, physical, and polymer. Special equipment available for graduate research in chemistry is as follows.

Biochemistry research facilities--HPLCs, GCs, FPLC, ultracentrifuges, DNA synthesizer, scintillation and gamma counters, cold rooms, cell disintegrator, zone and disc electrophoresis apparatus, column chromatograph, autoclave, ultra-low temperature freezers (-90 and -135C), rotary vaporator, Milli-Q water purification system, shaking heated water baths, spectropolarimeter with circular dichroism capability. Cell culture facilities-- complete with optical microscopes having fluorescent and photographic capabilities, liquid scintillation equipment. Catalysis facility--fully automated high pressure reactors with on-line gas chromatographs. Electron optical facilities--transmission electron microscopy with x-ray fluorescence analysis capability, scanning electron microscope, and scanning electron microprobe. Gas chromatographs, including a PE sigma 3 for inverse gas chromatography. Liquid chromatographs--high performance for analytical and preparative work. NMR spectrometers--300 MHz solid state, 360 MHz for solutions and imaging, 500 MHz spectrometer for solutions. Photochemistry equipment--lamps and filters for selected wavelength work. Polarographs, chronopotentiometers, electrophoresis apparatus, electrochemical impedance, electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope, potentiostats, and rotating disk electrode. Titration equipment (automated and computer interfaced), portable data interface (8-channel 50 KHz), digital readout polarimeter, Vibron elastoviscometers, radio-tracer equipment, including a gamma counter, differential refractometer, rheometer.

Spectrometers--uv/visible double beam automated, uv/visible/nearir, Fourier transformir with diffuse reflectance, photoacoustic and attenuated total reflectance capability, laser Raman, and GC mass spectrometers. Mossbauer spectrometer, positron annihilation spectrometer. Surface analysis facilities--rotating anode high-sensitivity high-energy resolution ESCA with imaging capability (ESCA is equipped with automated angular data acquisition). Surface science facility--Auger electron spectroscopy, low energy electron diffraction (LEED), high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), photocorrelation spectroscopy for submicron particle analysis. Ellipsometer, contact angle capabilities, gas adsorption apparatus (BET), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), atomic force microscope, instructional scanning tunneling microscope, and light scattering. Microcalorimeter (flowing with uv and refractive index detectors), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).

Graduate Courses in Chemistry

CHM 400. Laboratory Safety (0) fall

Accident prevention; emergency response; government regulations; facilities for handling and storage disposal of hazardous materials; emergency facilities; liabilities. Lectures, multi-media presentations, hands-on training by practitioners.

CHM 402. Physical Inorganic Chemistry (3) alternate years

Aufbau principle and coupling of angular momenta is used to describe atomic and molecular term states. Group theoretical principles will be utilized in studies of molecular orbital and ligand field theories of bonding. Prerequisite: CHM 341 or equivalent. Klier

CHM 403. Advanced Topics in Inorganic Chemistry (1-3) alternate years

Topics of contemporary interest in inorganic chemistry. This course may be repeated when a different topic is offered. Prerequisite: CHM 307 or equivalent.

CHM 405. Organometallic Chemistry (3) alternate years

The chemistry of compounds containing carbon to metal bonds. Among topics covered are the following: organic compounds of the representative elements from Group I to IV; the chemistry of ferrocene and related pi-bonded organometallic complexes; metal carbonyl and nitrosyl complexes; dioxygen and dinitrogen complexes; organic synthesis utilizing organometallic catalysts.

CHM 421. Chemistry Research (1-6)

Research in one of the following fields of chemistry: analytical, inorganic, organic, physical, polymer, biochemistry.

CHM 423. Bio-organic Chemistry (3) alternate years

An examination of biochemistry on the basis of organic chemical principles. Emphasis on reaction mechanisms of biochemical transformations and methods for elucidation of these mechanisms, i.e., kinetics, isotope effects, exchange techniques, inhibition studies, substrate analog effects and organic model studies. Prerequisite: CHM 358. Schray

CHM 424. Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (3) alternate years

Principles of drug design, structure-activity relationships in antibacterial, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory and psychoactive drugs; synthesis and modes of action of pharmacologically active agents radioactive pharmaceuticals. Prerequisite: one year of organic chemistry. Heindel

CHM 425. Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs 1: Drug Discovery to Approval (3)

Coverage includes the stages of the drug approval process and how these relate to the laboratory activities that provide the scientific basis of the New Drug Application (NDA). Lectures treat drug discovery, chemical process development of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), and pharmaceutical process development of the drug product. Regulatory issues in screening and testing, the management of the preclinical trials, and the management of clinical trials will be covered.

CHM 428. Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs 2: Medical Devices and Combination Technologies: Concept to Commercialization (3)

This course will review the history of medical device law and regulations in the United States. It will also define current requirements of science needed to allow technologies to be developed according to regulations. Case studies will be used to educate participants on Design Controls, Quality System Regulations, Manufacturing Requirements and International Harmonization. Specifics may include Nucleic Acid Diagnostics, Cardiovascular Stents, Drug Delivery, Cancer Diagnostics, and Consumer Self-Testing.

CHM 430. Chemical and Biochemical Separations (3) spring, alternate years

Theory and applications of equilibrium and nonequilibrium separation techniques at both the analytical and preparative levels. Solvent and buffer extractions, chromatographic separations (e.g., thin layer, partition, gas liquid, gel filtration, ion exchange, affinity, supercritical fluid), electrophoretic separations (e.g., gel, capillary, isoelectric focusing, immunoelectrophoresis), centrifugal separations (e.g., differential, velocity sedimentation, density gradient) and other separation methods (e.g., dialysis, ultrafiltration). Examples will focus on biological applications. Alhadeff

CHM 431. Contemporary Topics in Analytical Chemistry (1)

Discussion of the current literature in analytical chemistry, including spectroscopy, separations, and electrochemistry. Students find current papers and lead discussions. May be repeated for credit.

CHM 432. Chemometrics (3) fall, alternate years

Mathematical and statistical methods for experimental design, calibration, signal resolution, and instrument control and optimization.

CHM 433. Electroanalytical Chemistry (3) alternate years

Theory and applications of selected electrochemical techniques; solutions to mass transport problems, treatment of electron transfer kinetics and kinetics of associated chemical reactions, and critical evaluation of adsorption and other factors associated with electrochemical processes. Prerequisite: CHM 332 or equivalent.

CHM 434. Advanced Topics in Spectroscopy (3) fall, alternate years

Fundamentals of interactions of electromagnetic radiation with matte