Office: 471 RBC Phone: 610-758-4954 Fax: 610-758-4677 Email: watkins@lehigh.edu

Todd A. Watkins is an Associate Professor of Economics in the College of Business and Economics at Lehigh University and Director of the Institute for the Study of Regional Political Economy. He holds Ph.D. and M.P.P. degrees from Harvard University, and a B.S. from the University of Rochester. Prior to graduate studies, he worked in Optical Design and Optical Manufacturing Engineering for the Eastman Kodak. Author of more than 50 related publications, his research focuses on technology policy, photonics industries, defense and aeronautics industries, dual-use manufacturing and on the economics of innovation. He has published in Science, and well as Research Policy, Issues in Science and Technology, Technology Review, Defence and Peace Economics, and other journals and books. Teaching areas encompass the role of technology and innovation in trade & economic growth; as well as managerial economics; technical entrepreneurship and new product development. He co-founded Lehigh’s Community Research and Policy Service(Lehigh CORPS), was one of the founders of Lehigh’s Integrated Product Development Program, national winner of the ASME Curriculum Innovation Award, and chaired the committee that created Lehigh’s undergraduate Entrepreneurship program. Watkins also won the 2002 Outstanding Instructor award from the National Technology University, for his teaching via distance learning. From 2004-6, he served as a member of The National Academies’ Committee on Innovation Models for Aerospace Technologies, to advise NASA on improving their innovation processes.

Selected Publications

• "Absorptive Capacity and R&D Tax Policy: Are In-house and External Contract R&D Substitues or Complements?" with Lolita Paff. Forthcoming, Small Business Economics.
• "Can Students in Technology Entrepreneurship Courses Help Foster Start-ups by the Unemployed? with M. Jean Russo and John B. Ochs. Forthcoming, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development.
• "Do Workforce and Organizational Practices Explain the Manufacturing Technology Implementation Advantage of Small Defense Contractors over Non-Defense Firms?" Defence and Peace Economics, 18(4), 2007.
• "Glide Path to Irrelevance: Federal Funding for Aeronautics," with Alan Schriesheim and Stephen Merrill, Issues in Science and Technology 23(1) 69-78, Fall 2006.
• "Innovation Facilitators and Accelerators for Aeronautics," principal author (unattributed), in Aeronautics Innovation: NASA's Challenges and Opportunities, Stephen A. Merrill, ed., Committee on Innovation Models for Aerospace Technologies, Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy, National Research Council of The National Academies, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2006.
• Direct and Spillover Effects of ATP-Funded Photonics Technologies, with Theodore W. Schlie, NIST GCR06-893, Economic Assessment Office, Advanced Technology Program, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Technology Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington DC, December 2006.
• "A Comprehensive Model for Integrating Entrepreneurship Education and Capstone Projects while Meeting ABET Requirements," with John B. Ochs, Gerard P Lennon and Graham Mitchell, Proceedings of the 2006 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition, Chicago, June 2006.
• "Leveraging What Freshmen Don't Know: Product Development in an Integrated Business and Engineering Freshman Workshop," with John B. Ochs and Drew M. Snyder, Proceedings of the 2003 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition, 2003.
• "Manufacturing Scale, Lot Sizes and Product Complexity in Defense and Commercial Manufacturing," with Maryellen R. Kelley, Defence and Peace Economics 12(3), 2001.
• "Creating a Truly Multidisciplinary Entrepreneurial Educational Environment," with John B. Ochs & Berrisford W. Boothe, Journal of Engineering Education 90(4), 2001.
• "The Effects of Commercial Offsets on Aerospace Subcontractors," in Status Report of the Presidential Commission on Offsets in International Trade, Executive Office of the President, Washington, DC, January 2001.
• "Extending Case Study Methodologies for Technology Policy Evaluation," The Advanced Technology Program: Assessing Outcomes, Charles Wessner, ed., National Academy of Sciences, National Academy Press, Washington D.C, 2001.
• "Dual-Use Supplier Management and Strategic International Sourcing in Aircraft Manufacturing," in Trends and Challenges in Aerospace Offsets, Charles Wessner, ed., National Academy of Sciences, National Academy Press, Washington D.C., 1999.
• "Are Defense and Non-Defense Manufacturing Industries Really all That Different?", with Maryellen R. Kelley, in Gerald I. Susman & Sean O'Keefe, eds., The Defense Industry in the Post-Cold War Era: Corporate Strategies and Public Policy Perspectives, Pergamon, 1998.
• "Learning Across Functional Silos: Lehigh University's Integrated Product Development Program," with John B. Ochs, Berrisford W. Boothe & Heather Beam, in Richard G. Milter, John E. Stinson & Wim H. Gijselaers, eds., Educational Innovation in Economics and Business III: Innovative Practices in Business Education, Kluwar Academic Publishers, 1998.
• "The Myth of the Specialized Military Contractor," with Maryellen R. Kelley, Technology Review 98(3), April, 1995.
• "In From the Cold: Prospects for Conversion of the Defense Industrial Base," with Maryellen R. Kelley, Science 268, No. 5210, 28 April, 1995.
• The Defense Industrial Network, with Maryellen R. Kelley, Office of Technology Assessment, US Congress, August, 1992.
• "A Technological Communications Costs Model of R&D Consortia as Public Policy," Research Policy 20, April 1991.

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